Reference: Course on The Bhagavad Gita
NOTE: The following translation of the Sanskrit verses into English is obtained from Srimad Bhagavad Gita, SADHAKA SANJIVANI by Swami Ramsukhdas, published by Govind Bhawan Karyalaya, Gita Press, Gorakhpur, INDIA. For original comments please consult the above book. Abbreviated comments in color are provided by Vinaire.]
.
Chapter 10
श्रीभगवानुवाच
भूयएवमहाबाहोश्रृणुमेपरमंवचः।
यत्तेऽहंप्रीयमाणायवक्ष्यामिहितकाम्यया।।10.1।।
The blessed Lord said:
Once again, O mighty-armed, listen to My supreme word, which I shall speak to you, who are so loving, out of solicitude for your welfare. (X-1)
नमेविदुःसुरगणाःप्रभवंनमहर्षयः।
अहमादिर्हिदेवानांमहर्षीणांचसर्वशः।।10.2।।
Neither gods nor the great sages know the secret of My origin; for I am the prime cause in all respects of gods as well as the great sages. (X-2)
योमामजमनादिंचवेत्तिलोकमहेश्वरम्।
असम्मूढःसमर्त्येषुसर्वपापैःप्रमुच्यते।।10.3।।
He who knows Me as unborn and beginningless, as the Great Lord of the world, he, undecided among men, is purged of all sins. (X-3)
Where the Laws of nature originate from is not known. But one, who knows that these Laws are overarching, follows them and is purged of all sins.
बुद्धिर्ज्ञानमसंमोहःक्षमासत्यंदमःशमः।
सुखंदुःखंभवोऽभावोभयंचाभयमेवच।।10.4।।
अहिंसासमतातुष्टिस्तपोदानंयशोऽयशः।
भवन्तिभावाभूतानांमत्तएवपृथग्विधाः।।10.5।।
Intellect, wisdom, non-delusion, forgiveness, truth, self-restraint (control over the mind and the senses), joy (pleasure), and sorrow (pain), evolution and dissolution, fear and fearlessness, non-violence, equanimity, contentment, austerity, charity, fame and disrepute—these diverse feelings of creatures emanate from Me alone. (X-4,5)
The Laws of nature evolve the following metaphysical characteristics as part of awareness:
(1) BUDHIH (intellect): the power of forming and retaining conceptions and general notions, intelligence, reason, intellect, mind, discernment, judgement etc.
The sense organs convert the interaction with external (physical) energy of Akasha into electro-chemical signals, which are then converted into internal (metaphysical) energy by the cells of the body. The mental matrix then assimilates the incoming with stored internal energy to generate perceptions in real time. This assimilation also leads to the formation of concepts and general notions that are retained to speed up subsequent assimilations. This is the intellect functioning.
(2) JNĀNAM (wisdom): knowing, becoming acquainted with, knowledge, (especially) the higher knowledge (derived from meditation on the one Universal Spirit) etc.
This is the understanding resulting from the assimilation of all mental matrices in the universe. It makes up the Attention field. These ultimate considerations are continuous, harmonious and consistent like the universe they are reflecting.
(3) ASAMMOHAH (non-delusion): (noun) calmness, composure, deliberateness, (adjective) not-confused.
Self is composed of the attention field, mental matrix and the body. Attention field forms a continuum, but the mental matrices and bodies are discrete condensations within it. Together the mental matrix and body form an identity, which is like a covering for self. A person generally confuses identity with self. In asammohah, one is aware of the difference between self and identity and the relationship between the two.
[To be continued…]
महर्षयःसप्तपूर्वेचत्वारोमनवस्तथा।
मद्भावामानसाजातायेषांलोकइमाःप्रजाः।।10.6।।
The seven great seers, the more ancient four Sanaka etc., and fourteen Manus, who are all devoted to Me, are born of My mind and all these creatures in the world have come forth from them. (X-6)
एतांविभूतिंयोगंचममयोवेत्तितत्त्वतः।
सोऽविकम्पेनयोगेनयुज्यतेनात्रसंशयः।।10.7।।
He who knows in reality this divine glory and power of Mine is endowed with unfaltering Yoga of devotion; of this there is no doubt. (X-7)
अहंसर्वस्यप्रभवोमत्तःसर्वंप्रवर्तते।
इतिमत्वाभजन्तेमांबुधाभावसमन्विताः।।10.8।।
I am the origin of the whole creation; from Me all things move. The wise knowing this, full of devotion, worship Me. (X-8)
मच्चित्तामद्गतप्राणाबोधयन्तःपरस्परम्।
कथयन्तश्चमांनित्यंतुष्यन्तिचरमन्तिच।।10.9।।
With their minds fixed on Me, with their lives surrendered to Me, enlightening each other about My greatness and ever speaking of Me, they ever remain contented and delighted. (X-9)
तेषांसततयुक्तानांभजतांप्रीतिपूर्वकम्।
ददामिबुद्धियोगंतंयेनमामुपयान्तिते।।10.10।।
To them, ever devout, worshipping me with love, I confer that Yoga of Wisdom (equanimity) by which they attain Me. (X-10)
तेषामेवानुकम्पार्थमहमज्ञानजंतमः।
नाशयाम्यात्मभावस्थोज्ञानदीपेनभास्वता।।10.11।।
In order to shower my grace on them, I, dwelling in their self (heart), destroy the ignorance—born darkness by the luminous lamp of wisdom. (X-11)
अर्जुनउवाच
परंब्रह्मपरंधामपवित्रंपरमंभवान्।
पुरुषंशाश्वतंदिव्यमादिदेवमजंविभुम्।।10.12।।
आहुस्त्वामृषयःसर्वेदेवर्षिर्नारदस्तथा।
असितोदेवलोव्यासःस्वयंचैवब्रवीषिमे।।10.13।।
Arjuna said:
You are the Supreme Brahma (Eternal) (Pure Consciousness), the Supreme Abode, the Supreme Purifier, the Eternal Divine Person, the Prime Deity, the Unborn, the Omnipresent. Likewise all the sages have acclaimed You, as also celestial sage Narada, so also Asita, Devala and Vyasa; and You Yourself also proclaim this to me. (X-12,13)
सर्वमेतदृतंमन्येयन्मांवदसिकेशव।
नहितेभगवन्व्यक्ितंविदुर्देवानदानवाः।।10.14।।
I hold as true all that You tell me, O Kesava. Neither the gods nor the demons, O blessed Lord, know Your manifestation. (X-14)
स्वयमेवात्मनाऽत्मानंवेत्थत्वंपुरुषोत्तम।
भूतभावनभूतेशदेवदेवजगत्पते।।10.15।।
You alone know Yourself by Yourself, O Supreme Person, O Creator of beings, O Lord of beings, O God of gods, O Lord of the Universe. (X-15)
वक्तुमर्हस्यशेषेणदिव्याह्यात्मविभूतयः।
याभिर्विभूतिभिर्लोकानिमांस्त्वंव्याप्यतिष्ठसि।।10.16।।
You alone can describe in full Your divine glories, by which You remain pervading these worlds. (X-16)
कथंविद्यामहंयोगिंस्त्वांसदापरिचिन्तयन्।
केषुकेषुचभावेषुचिन्त्योऽसिभगवन्मया।।10.17।।
How may I know You, O Master of Yoga, by constant meditation? In what various aspects are You, O blessed Lord, to be meditated upon by me? (X-17)
विस्तरेणात्मनोयोगंविभूतिंचजनार्दन।
भूयःकथयतृप्तिर्हिश्रृण्वतोनास्तिमेऽमृतम्।।10.18।।
Tell me again in detail, O Janardana, Your power of Yoga and Your glories; for I lnpw no satiety in hearing Your nectarean words. (X-18)
श्रीभगवानुवाच
हन्ततेकथयिष्यामिदिव्याह्यात्मविभूतयः।
प्राधान्यतःकुरुश्रेष्ठनास्त्यन्तोविस्तरस्यमे।।10.19।।
The blessed Lord said:
Now I shall tell you My divine glories in brief, O best of the Kurus, for there is no end to the details of My manifestation. (X-19)
अहमात्मागुडाकेशसर्वभूताशयस्थितः।
अहमादिश्चमध्यंचभूतानामन्तएवच।।10.20।।
In the self, O Gudakesa, seated in the hearts of all beings I am the beginning, the middle and also the end of all beings. (X-20)
आदित्यानामहंविष्णुर्ज्योतिषांरविरंशुमान्।
मरीचिर्मरुतामस्मिनक्षत्राणामहंशशी।।10.21।।
I am Visnu among the twelve sons of Aditi; and the bright rayed sun among the luminaries; I am the glory of the Maruts and the moon among stars. (X-21)
वेदानांसामवेदोऽस्मिदेवानामस्मिवासवः।
इन्द्रियाणांमनश्चास्मिभूतानामस्मिचेतना।।10.22।।
Of the Vedas I am the Sāmveda; I am Vāsva (Indra) among the gods; of the senses I am the mind and among living being I am consciousness. (X-22)
रुद्राणांशङ्करश्चास्मिवित्तेशोयक्षरक्षसाम्।
वसूनांपावकश्चास्मिमेरुःशिखरिणामहम्।।10.23।।
Among the Rudras I am Sankara; among the Yaksas (Genies) and Rakshasas (Demons) I am Kubera. Among the Vasus (a class of the gods) I am the god of fire, and of the mountains I am the Meru. (X-23)
पुरोधसांचमुख्यंमांविद्धिपार्थबृहस्पतिम्।
सेनानीनामहंस्कन्दःसरसामस्मिसागरः।।10.24।।
Among priests, O Partha, know me to their chief Brhsapati; among generals I am Skanda; among the seats of water , I am the ocean. (X-24)
महर्षीणांभृगुरहंगिरामस्म्येकमक्षरम्।
यज्ञानांजपयज्ञोऽस्मिस्थावराणांहिमालयः।।10.25।।
Among the great seers I am Bhrgu, of the words I am monosyllable ‘Om’; of sacrifices, I am the sacrifice of the constant repetition of the Lord’s name; and of the immovables, Himalaya. (X-25)
अश्वत्थःसर्ववृक्षाणांदेवर्षीणांचनारदः।
गन्धर्वाणांचित्ररथःसिद्धानांकपिलोमुनिः।।10.26।।
Of all trees I am Asvattha (the holy fig tree); among the celestial sages, Narada; among the Gandharvas (celestial monsters), Citraratha; among the siddhas (the Perfect), the sage Kapila. (X-26)
उच्चैःश्रवसमश्वानांविद्धिमाममृतोद्भवम्।
ऐरावतंगजेन्द्राणांनराणांचनराधिपम्।।10.27।।
Among horses, know Me to be Uccaihsrava begotten of the churning of the ocean along with nectar; of lordly elephants Airavata (Indra’s elephant); among men, the king. (X-27)
आयुधानामहंवज्रंधेनूनामस्मिकामधुक्।
प्रजनश्चास्मिकन्दर्पःसर्पाणामस्मिवासुकिः।।10.28।।
Of weapons, I am the thunderbolt; of cows, I am the celestial cow Kamadhenu. I am the sexual desire which is attended by procreation; of servants, I am Vasuki. (X-28)
अनन्तश्चास्मिनागानांवरुणोयादसामहम्।
पितृ़णामर्यमाचास्मियमःसंयमतामहम्।।10.29।।
Of the Nagas (serpents) I am ananda (the serpent-god); of aquatic creatures and water-gods, I am Varuna; among the manes I am Aryama; and among rulers I am Yama, the god of death. (X-29)
प्रह्लादश्चास्मिदैत्यानांकालःकलयतामहम्।
मृगाणांचमृगेन्द्रोऽहंवैनतेयश्चपक्षिणाम्।।10.30।।
Among the demons I am Prahalada; among reckoners I am Time; among beasts I am the Lion; and among birds, Garuda (the vehicle of Lord Vishnu). (X-30)
पवनःपवतामस्मिरामःशस्त्रभृतामहम्।
झषाणांमकरश्चास्मिस्रोतसामस्मिजाह्नवी।।10.31।।
Among purifiers, I am the wind; among welders of weapon I am Rāma. Among fishes I am alligator; and among rivers I am the Ganges. (X-31)
सर्गाणामादिरन्तश्चमध्यंचैवाहमर्जुन।
अध्यात्मविद्याविद्यानांवादःप्रवदतामहम्।।10.32।।
Arjuna, I am the beginning, the end and also the middle of all creations. Of sciences, I am the science of the self (soul); in debates I am the reason. (X-32)
अक्षराणामकारोऽस्मिद्वन्द्वःसामासिकस्यच।
अहमेवाक्षयःकालोधाताऽहंविश्वतोमुखः।।10.33।।
Of letters I am ‘A’; of word-compounds I am the dual (Dvandva). I am verily the endless Time; I am the sustainer of all, having My face on all sides. (X-33)
मृत्युःसर्वहरश्चाहमुद्भवश्चभविष्यताम्।
कीर्तिःश्रीर्वाक्चनारीणांस्मृतिर्मेधाधृतिःक्षमा।।10.34।।
I am the all devouring Death. I am the source of future beings. Of females I am Kirti, Sri, Vāk, Smrti, Medha, Dhrti and Ksamā (the goddesses) presiding over the qualities Fame, Prosperity (Fortune), Speech, Memory, Intelligence, Steadfastness and Forgiveness respectively. (X-34)
बृहत्सामतथासाम्नांगायत्रीछन्दसामहम्।
मासानांमार्गशीर्षोऽहमृतूनांकुसुमाकरः।।10.35।।
Of the Sāma hymns I am Brhatsama; of Vedic verses, I am Gayatri. Of the twelve months of the Hindu calendar I am Margasirsa and of seasons I am the flowery spring. (X-35)
द्यूतंछलयतामस्मितेजस्तेजस्विनामहम्।
जयोऽस्मिव्यवसायोऽस्मिसत्त्वंसत्त्ववतामहम्।।10.36।।
I am gambling of the deceitful practices; I am the glory of the glorious. I am the victory of the victorious, the resolution of the resolute; the goodness of the good. (X-36)
वृष्णीनांवासुदेवोऽस्मिपाण्डवानांधनंजयः।
मुनीनामप्यहंव्यासःकवीनामुशनाकविः।।10.37।।
Among the members of the Vrsni clan, I am Krsa; among the Pandavas, Dhananjaya; among the sages I am Vyasa and among the seers I am the sage Sukra. (X-37)
दण्डोदमयतामस्मिनीतिरस्मिजिगीषताम्।
मौनंचैवास्मिगुह्यानांज्ञानंज्ञानवतामहम्।।10.38।।
I am the ruling-power (punishment) in rulers; I am righteousness in those who seek victory. Of secrets I am silence and I am wisdom of the wise. (X-38)
यच्चापिसर्वभूतानांबीजंतदहमर्जुन।
नतदस्तिविनायत्स्यान्मयाभूतंचराचरम्।।10.39।।
O Arjuna, I am the seed of all beings. There is no creature animate or inanimate that can exist without Me. (X-39)
नान्तोऽस्तिममदिव्यानांविभूतीनांपरंतप।
एषतूद्देशतःप्रोक्तोविभूतेर्विस्तरोमया।।10.40।।
O harasser of foes, there is no end of My divine glories; this is only a brief description by Me of the extent of My glories. (X-40)
यद्यद्विभूतिमत्सत्त्वंश्रीमदूर्जितमेववा।
तत्तदेवावगच्छत्वंममतेजोंऽशसंभवम्।।10.41।।
Every such thing as is glorious, brilliant or powerful, know that to be a manifestation of a spark of My splendor. (X-41)
अथवाबहुनैतेनकिंज्ञातेनतवार्जुन।
विष्टभ्याहमिदंकृत्स्नमेकांशेनस्थितोजगत्।।10.42।।
Or, what need is there, O Arjuna, for the detailed knowledge? I stand supporting the whole universe with a single fragment of Myself. (X-42)
.