It appears that each particle in this universe has an innate impulse that generates natural acceleration. This natural acceleration is resisted by the property of inertia of the particle, and the tendency is towards a balance. When a balance is reached, the particle ends up with a constant velocity, while the acceleration due to innate impulse and inertia are exactly balanced. Therefore, higher is the inertia of the body, the greater is the resistance to acceleration, the more quickly the balance is reached, and the lower is the constant velocity. This is obvious on a cosmic scale when we compare the velocity of light to the velocity of matter. When earth is revolving around the sun, the innate impulse of earth for linear acceleration is balanced by its inertia, and that keeps the earth in its orbit. If the inertia was any less, then earth will be flying away from the sun. If inertia were greater, then earth will be crashing into the sun. It appears that inertia decreases as earth comes closer to the sun, and earth has a tendency to move away. Similarly, inertia increases as earth moves away from the sun, and earth has a tendency to come closer. This leads to the interesting conclusion that inertia and gravity have an inverse relationship. It is inertia that converts into the force of gravity and vice versa. This satisfies Faraday’s principle of Conservation of Force.
The Bhagavad Gita, often referred to as the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the epic Mahabharata. The Gita is set in a narrative framework of a dialogue between Pandava prince Arjuna and his guide and charioteer Krishna.
A quick reference to translations of a verse of Gita from different sources may be obtained at
The purpose of this Glossary is to express ancient Vedic knowledge using modern scientific language. The “translation” may not be exactly right at first, but, hopefully, it shall improve as better input is received.
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AGNI The Vedas start with homage to Agni. Agni implies energy in all its forms. It is animated by an innate impulse. Energy is the basic substance of the universe. Everything physical, spiritual, real, imaginary, postulated or considered, is made of energy.
ATMAN Atman is the innate impulse that animates a being. Atman carries samskaras (karmic impressions). When atman becomes embodied after birth, it is called jivatman. In jivatman the karmic impressions become activated and they influence the viewpoint, identity and behavior of the individual being. After death, the disembodied atman simply carries karmic impressions in a potential state. It has no individual identity or beingness (see The Bhagavad Gita, verse II:28). Life after life, karmic impressions come about and are also discharged. As net karmic impression become less, atman rises toward the state of paramatman (supreme atman). When net karmic impressions reduce to zero, the atman converges into the state of paramatman. Also see BRAHMA.
BEING A being is an energy form animated by an innate impulse.
BHAGAVĀN Bhagavān literally means “fortunate”, “blessed”, and hence “illustrious”, “divine”, “venerable”, “holy”, etc. Please see Etymology and meaning. “He who understands the creation and dissolution, the appearance and disappearance of beings, the wisdom and ignorance, should be called Bhagavān.” — Vishnu Purana, VI.5.78
BRAHMA Brahma is the innate impulse manifested as energy in the form of the whole universe.
In modern language one would say that the highest metaphysical reality is the innate impulse, which is the characteristic of all energy. This impulse, on a universal scale, is understood as Brahma (the universal viewpoint). But, on the scale of an entity, it is understood as Atman (the individual viewpoint). There is quite a distance from Atman (or Paramatman) to Brahma in terms of broadness of the viewpoint.
DEHA Gross Body
DEHI Jeevatma (embodied atman)
ENERGY The basic substance of the universe is energy, which is animated by an innate impulse. The innate impulse is evident in the propagation of light. Per the Law of conservation, energy is neither created nor destroyed. It only transitions from one form to another. Everything physical, spiritual, real, imaginary, postulated or considered is made of energy.
GOD God is the experience of the innate impulse that underlies all energy.
“I” The viewpoint, identity and individuality of jivatman (embodied atman)
ISHVARA (ईश्वर) The composite word, Ishvara literally means “owner of best, beautiful”, “ruler of choices, blessings, boons”, or “chief of suitor, lover”. As a concept, Ishvara in ancient and medieval Sanskrit texts, variously means God, Supreme Being, Supreme Soul, lord, king or ruler, rich or wealthy man, god of love, deity Vishnu… [in Vedas,] the contextual meaning, however as the ancient Indian grammarian Pāṇini explains, is neither god nor supreme being. Please see Etymology.
IS-NESS It is how the universe appears to a person
IMMORTALITY State of freedom from all samskaras (karmic impressions)
JIVATMAN See ATMAN.
KALPA One day of Brahma equal to 1000 Yugas, equal to 4320 million years. See Hindu units of time.
MAYA Maya consists of filters generated by karmic impressions that cloud one’s vision.
MINDFULNESS A presence, which is free of assumptions, bias and fixed ideas
PARAMATMAN See ATMAN.
REALITY Reality and unreality are the opposite ends of the scale of Is-ness, where is-ness is the sense of reality of the person. His is-ness on this scale improves as his viewpoint broadens.
SAMĀDHI (समाधि) Samādhi means concentration of the thoughts, profound or abstract meditation, intense contemplation of any particular object (so as to identify the contemplator with the object meditated upon); this is the eighth and last stage of yoga; with Buddhists samādhi is the fourth and last stage of dhyāna or intense abstract meditation. Being “established in God” would mean the same thing as समाधि.
SAMSKARAS Karmic impressions brought about by one’s actions and their consequences
SAT-CHIT-ANAND The bliss of pure thought energy
THOUGHT ENERGY Thought energy is the fundamental energy on which the spectrum of radiative energy and matter rest. The thought energy resides in the mind, which then transitions into physical energy of the body.
UNIVERSAL VIEWPOINT The universal viewpoint uses the whole universe as the context for its contemplation, and it is free of all impressions and filters. It is much broader than the human viewpoint. The “I” or “Me” used by Krishna refers to this universal viewpoint. It is the clearest expression of BRAHMA as the innate impulse that constitutes the fabric of the universe. PARAMATMAN, from this viewpoint, is manifested as all forms in the universe and not just the human form. Of course, the universal viewpoint is neither created or destroyed.
Ultimate authority resides in universal principles, that are personified as Gods in Hinduism. The universal viewpoint is focused on the universal principles, which, also, are neither created or destroyed.
UNREALITY Unreality manifests itself in the form of inconsistencies, disharmonies and discontinuities. You resolve these things and the unreality disappears. It does not continue. Only the reality continues.
VIDHATA Vidhata means “inherent principles of existence.” Duality is a natural consequence of these principles. Any imbalance straightens out by itself.
VIEWPOINT Viewpoint is the frame of reference that a person is using. It is made up of that person’s considerations.
Chapter 36: Einstein’s Legacy – Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)
“He also published an analysis indicating the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is not a mere accident of nature, but the basis of a profound physical principle that leads to a new theory of gravity.”
NOTE: Inertial mass is a mass parameter giving the inertial resistance to acceleration of the body when responding to all types of force. Gravitational mass is determined by the strength of the gravitational force experienced by the body when in the gravitational field g.
Comment:
To me, inertial mass balances the intrinsic motion. Light has very large but finite velocity because it has an “inertial mass” restraining infinite motion. As inertial mass increases the intrinsic velocity decreases. A body of infinite inertial mass may be postulated to be at absolute rest. Different inertial masses mean different intrinsic velocities. Thus, relative velocities may be understood in terms of differentials of inertial mass.
From this point of view, when a body is accelerating in a gravitational field, it means that the inertial mass of the body is somehow reduced by that gravitational field. Since this reduction is extremely small, the “gravitational mass” appears to be the same as the “inertial mass”.
