Reference: Essays on Substance
The Speed of Light
The theory of relativity postulates that the speed is light, in vacuum, is a universal constant. But this speed is affected by gravitational fields, and that is taken into account in General relativity. The reason speed of light is affected by gravity is because light has a small amount of consistency. This consistency is like very diluted mass. Therefore, light has inertia, though it is extremely small compared to the inertia of matter.
The theory of Substance postulates that the property of consistency (or mass) is inherent to all substance. This includes the whole spectrum of electromagnetic (EM) energy. The consistency of gamma rays at the upper end of the EM spectrum is close to the consistency of electrons. So, the EM spectrum continues as the spectrum of matter as shown in The Rigidity of Mass.
The theory of Substance also postulates that the property of motion in vacuum is inherent to all substances. We are aware of this for light, but light is not unique in this respect. The motion of all bodies, such as, moon, planet, sun, star, etc., is inherent to them.
These two inherent properties of substance—consistency and motion—have an extremely precise inverse relationship that leads to constant speed of substance. For example, light has a very precise constant speed because its motion is exactly balanced by its consistency. We are only aware this in regard to the visible light that forms a very small part of the EM spectrum, but based on The Rigidity of Mass, one would expect the speed of radio waves to be faster than the speed of light, and the speed of gamma rays to be slower.
The idea that the speed of light is a property of electromagnetic waves and that it arises from the vacuum’s permittivity and permeability is based on Maxwell’s theory. Maxwell’s theory is based on the postulate of aether, and the precise properties of aether are yet to be determined. So Maxwell’s theory provides some average relationships only. The mathematical model used by Maxwell was an ingenious breakthrough for its time, and Einstein could build up from there. The mathematical model used by Einstein for General Relativity is extremely accurate.
The theory of Substance does not change anything. It simply provides some insights that are lost in the complex mathematics of twentieth century. In GR, the curvature of space is actually the curvature of substance other than matter. That substance is made up of cosmic rays, electromagnetic radiation and the black-box of “aether.” The mass actually decreases with speed, while space and time expand.
The theory of Substance applies non-mathematical live logic to the substance from sub-atomic to cosmic scale. It reveals why Quantum Mechanics has become so complex and unreal. It provides insights to simplify that complexity.
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