Einstein 1920 (XXVII) The Space-Time Continuum of General Theory

Reference: Einstein’s 1920 Book

Section XXVII (Part 2)
The Space-Time Continuum of the General Theory of Relativity Is not a Euclidean Continuum

Please see Section XXVII at the link above.

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Summary

The space time continuum of the special theory can be regarded as four-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinates if we consider the velocity of light to be constant. For a rotating body of reference, a gravitational field is present; and, therefore, the velocity of light will depend on the coordinates. We cannot consider four-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinates in the general theory of relativity.

We refer the four-dimensional space-time continuum in an arbitrary manner to Gauss co-ordinates. In themselves these co-ordinates have no significance. A momentary existence of a material point at a location without duration will be represented by a single coordinate point. A permanent existence of a material point with motion shall then be represented by an infinitely large number of coordinate points as in a continuous line. Encounters among material points shall be represented by coincidences among coordinate points.

The motion of a material point relative to a body of reference shall be represented by encounters of that material point with particular points of the reference-body. This will take into account all kind of variations in both space and time in terms of flexibility, inertia or consistency.

All physical descriptions of space-time relationships can then be represented by coincidences among Gaussian coordinates of a body with a reference body. The Gaussian coordinates do not suffer the limitation of absolute rigidity of the Cartesian coordinates.

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Final Comments

A body in uniform motion may not have acceleration, but it has a constant velocity. This constant velocity differs from body to body due to differences in their inherent structure. This inherent structure appears as the mass, inertia, rigidity or consistency of the body.

Light has near zero consistency and near infinite velocity; whereas, matter has near infinite consistency and extremely low range of velocities. By extrapolating between these data points, the special theory of relativity manages to come up with an approximate method to calculate the relative velocity in uniform motion for matter.

The general theory of relativity accounts for acceleration by relating instantaneous changes in consistency to changes in velocity throughout a continuum. Thus, it accounts for acceleration that manifests in the form of gravitational field.

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May 30, 2019 – 5:11 PM Categories: Einstein | Post a comment

Einstein 1920 (XXVI) The Space-Time Continuum of Special Theory

Reference: Einstein’s 1920 Book

Section XXVI (Part 2)
The Space-Time Continuum of the Special Theory of Relativity Considered as a Euclidean Continuum

Please see Section XXVI at the link above.

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Summary

In the special theory of relativity, mathematical relationships are derived from the postulate that the velocity of light is same in all Galilean systems. These relationships are expressed as the equations of the Lorentz transformation. They have proved valid for the Galilean systems.

If we choose as time-variable the imaginary variable √(-1) ct  instead of the real quantity t, we can regard the space-time continuum as a “Euclidean” four-dimensional continuum.

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Final Comments

The space coordinates (x, y, z) and the time coordinate (t) represent two very different dimensions in our experience; but they may be combined geometrically to form a “Euclidean” four-dimensional continuum. This continuum may be interpreted as follows.

The greater is the “duration” of substance at a location, the lesser is its flexibility at that location. Whereas, the coordinate t represents the “duration” of substance at a location in space (x, y, z); the Minkowki’s coordinate “√(-1) ct” represents the consistency of substance at that location.

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May 30, 2019 – 11:09 AM Categories: Einstein | Post a comment

SCN 8-8008: The Chart of Attitudes

Reference: The Book of Scientology

The Chart of Attitudes

Please see the original section at the link above.

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Summary

Hubbard says, “In order to do rising-scale processing, the auditor should know very well his Chart of Attitudes and the reasons underlying each column.” Please note that I have added relevant links to this quote from Hubbard. The reasons underlying each column are explained by Hubbard in subsequent sections (see the link above on The Book of Scientology).

This chart is divided into several columns. Each column presents a particular attitude (in bold) as it is found at the top and bottom of the tone scale. Attitudes are listed for in between tone scale values too.

Hubbard says, “Each one of these is a gradient scale with many intermediate points. In rising-scale running, one seeks the attitude of the preclear nearest to the lowest end of this scale and asks him to do a rising-scale to see how high he can change his postulate toward the upper end of the scale.” You may try this processing by yourself instead of going to an auditor.

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Comments

Make sure you subject clear each line of a column before running it with rising-scale processing. The upper line consists of attitudes that are naturally part of your beingness. It is the erroneous reasoning from your experiences that has moved you away from those attitudes.

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May 29, 2019 – 9:35 PM Categories: Scientology | Post a comment

SCN 8-8008: Responsibility

Reference: The Book of Scientology

Responsibility

Please see the original section at the link above.

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Summary

Hubbard says, “The responsibility level of the preclear depends upon his willingness or unwillingness to handle energy.” But responsibility depends on a person’s ability to respond to a situation appropriately, rather than his willingness. If he can’t respond properly then he runs into difficulty.

At the top of the tone scale, a person is able to respond to any situation appropriately. As he descends the tone scale his ability to respond appropriately decreases. He starts to run into more difficulties. At first he blame others for the unhandled situations. Then he starts to accept fault to escape punishment. He may exhibit “glee of insanity” to show how harmless he is. Ultimately, he sinks into apathy. 

Hubbard sees insanity as a state of ultimate irresponsibility. According to him, the intention underlying insanity is to escape punishment. He does not see insanity as a state of total overwhelm.

Hubbard defines happiness as “the overcoming of not insurmountable obstacles toward the known goal of havingness.” To Hubbard, one should be intensely driven toward a goal; otherwise, he is running away from responsibility. In his view “slaves are made by giving them freedom from responsibility.”

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Comments

In Hubbard’s view a person must be intensely self-driven towards his goal to be responsible. He should overcome all obstacles by any means possible. If he encounters opposing goals he should destroy them. Such a person doesn’t much care what happens to others in the process of him achieving his goals. In his view, others are being responsible only when they are supporting his goals.

This shows Hubbard’s fixation on self, and his inability to resolve that fixation and the conflicts among goals. He rejects the ultimate goal of oneness (continuity, consistency and harmony) that was supported by Buddha.

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May 29, 2019 – 8:10 PM Categories: Scientology | Post a comment

SCN 8-8008: Force

Reference: The Book of Scientology

Force

Please see the original section at the link above.

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Summary

Hubbard says, “In the axioms, force is defined as random effort. Effort is defined as directed force.” This is a circular definition. In actuality, force is the basic component of sensation. If you are sensing something, you are experiencing force.

People generally have a negative connotation of force, because they associate it with punishment and destruction. But those things are anomalies. The force is a gradient scale of sensation. If there is no force, there will be no sensation either.

A substance is anything that is substantial enough to be sensed. Therefore, all forms of substance, ultimately, consist of force. Energy and matter are forms of substance; so, they consist of force. 

Thought produces patterns in energy; and these patterns solidify into material structures. Thus, thought deals with force, and it itself may be considered a kind of force. Thought can be sensed. Therefore, thought is also a form of substance.

When a person is dealing with his sensations and processing them into perceptions, he is essentially handling force.

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Comments

All that we know is the outcome of sensations. This universe is all that we know. This is a universe constructed out of sensation and force. All our awareness is the result of force. When we are postulating, we are bringing force into existence.

The basis of this universe is the principle of oneness. Instead of punishing us, the universe actually, enforces this principle on us. Hubbard did not look at the MEST universe this way.

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May 29, 2019 – 10:00 AM Categories: Scientology | Post a comment