Reference: A Logical Approach to Theoretical Physics
Matter, energy, space and time are the most basic concepts that define the ‘physical’ aspect of the universe. Do they have a common basis?
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Matter and Energy
The spectrum of substance has matter is at one end, and light is at the other. Mass is the key characteristic of matter, whereas, energy is the key characteristic of light. Einstein’s equation E = mc^2 shows that energy and mass are equivalent. We may, therefore, say that matter and energy are different forms of the reality we identify as ‘substance.’
Physicists, however, do not recognize the word ‘substance,’ and do not use it for matter or energy. We may technically define ’substance’ as,
SUBSTANCE is anything that is substantial enough to be sensed. The primary forms of substance are matter and energy.
Matter is much more substantial than light (energy) because the momentum associated with matter is much greater than the momentum of light. This momentum comes from the ‘consistency’ of substance. This consistency decreases from the mass of matter to the energy of light. We may technically define ‘consistency’ as,
CONSISTENCY is a measure of substantiality of substance. Matter has the highest consistency, light has the least.
The substance has to be the fundamental concept of Physics, because the whole subject of Physics derives from how we sense things.
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Matter and Space
Modern physics treats space as an abstract, mathematical entity. But it is not difficult to understand the space filled with matter. In that sense space defines the extents of matter. “Empty space” is empty of solid matter only. It is not necessarily empty of the whole spectrum of substance. The best vacuum is still not empty of light and electromagnetic radiation.
When we talk about the absence of all substance, we are talking about a void. It is difficult to visualize a void, because in a void there is nothing to be aware of. A void is, therefore, an abstraction. We are aware of empty space; therefore, empty space is filled with substance other than visible matter.
Space that is filled with solid matter, defines the extents of that matter. Space that is filled with energy may define the extents of that energy. Current physics treats space as a fundamental concept. But space seems to depend on the concept of substance. We may technically define ‘space’ as,
Space is the extent of substance. Space does not exist in the absence of substance.
The nature of space varies with the consistency of substance it contains. This helps us visualize “empty” space expanding, contracting, curving and twisting just as the mathematics of Einstein predicts.
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Matter and Time
When we measure time, we measure the duration of something. The duration is measured against the infinite duration of the universe. The duration of the universe is infinite because substance (matter and energy) can neither be created nor destroyed according to the principle of conservation.
Matter is much more compact, and it endures much longer than light. Both the extents and duration of substance are intimately related with its consistency. We know of extent as ‘space’, and duration as ’time’.
As the consistency of the substance changes over its spectrum, so do its extent (space) and duration (time).
The most fundamental attribute of substance is its consistency, which gives it a form. The substance “thins out” from solid, impenetrable neutrons to protons to electrons to radiation. The change in consistency from neutron to proton is only 0.1%. This indicates that neutrons lie at the core of the nucleus, whereas protons at the surface. The protons then ‘interface’ with electrons through charge. From proton to electron the consistency decreases sharply by 183600%. Subsequently, from electrons to electromagnetic radiation it decreases even farther. As consistency decreases, the duration also decreases, while space increases.
We can visualize time decreasing from nucleus to electrons to radiation tremendously, while space is increasing tremendously. (Visualize time as the duration, and space as the extent.)
Matter appears at the upper end of the spectrum of substance. Matter of highest consistency shall lie at the core of the nucleus at the center of an atom, and at the core of the black hole at the center of the galaxy. It will act as the stable point for the atom and the galaxy because it has the highest duration.
Light appears at the lower end of the spectrum of substance. Light of lowest consistency shall form the periphery of the atom, galaxy or the universe. This radiation shall have infinitesimal duration. Beyond this periphery would be the void.
This means that the solid, impenetrable form of nuclear matter defines stable locations in space. The flimsiest, ephemeral form of electromagnetic radiation defines the rapidly expanding space with no stable locations. We may technically define ‘time’ as,
Time is the duration of substance that manifests as inherent motion in space, which it fills.
Time manifests as inherent motion of substance that varies with its consistency. To Einstein, this was dilation of time.
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Space and Time
We find space and time not to be independent of substance. They are defined by the consistency of substance. Space and time are related to each other through the consistency of the substance. Therefore, they not independent of each other.
The fundamental concept is neither space nor time. The fundamental concept is the consistency (or substantiality) of substance.
The inherent motion of substance derives from its own space and time. Therefore, the relative motion arises from the relativity of space, time and consistency of substance. The space, time and consistency of material objects is nearly constant. Therefore, the relative motion among them is relatively small.
This analysis relates space and time to consistency of the substance. Further analysis of consistency (or substantiality) of substance may lead to a non-mathematical clarification of gravitation.
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Comments
“The spectrum of substance has matter is at one end, and light is at the other.”
1. Does your scale of matter begin with hydrogen and end with osmium (76) or organesson (118).
2. Or does it begin with sub-atomic particles? . . . Or?
3. Do you have an idea of what may be happening at the level of condensation of energy into substance?
4. If we come to an impasse of understanding, such as locating a slice of the universe for which we have no way of detecting, further attempts to describe this slice (placeholder) become tautological. Does this match with your understanding of tautological?
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1. All elements of the Periodic Table appear at the “Matter” end of the spectrum of substance
2. The neutron is the most representative or pure matter.
3. Yes. Please see the latest essay on ‘Thinning Out of Matter.’
4. I don’t know. I am just following a trail of anomalies at the moment. My philosophy is limited to the essay on ‘ Physics, Anomalies and Assumptions.’
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The spectrum of substance has matter is at one end, and light is at the other.
Given: Energy at the left of a linear scale and substance at the right side.
1. Do you suppose that there is anything to the left of energy and to the right of matter?
2. Do you suppose that something like what is called Higgs Field comes into play as an elemental pre-substance?
4. Do you suppose that empty space is actually filled with Higgs Field or similar concept similar to aether but which is undetectable within the range of human and human tool’s perceptics?
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0. I am treating energy as a substance.
1. To the left of energy is electromagnetic radiation of increasing wavelength. To the right of matter is more condensed matter.
2. At the moment I am avoiding mathematical physics. I need to understand Higgs Field in logical terms. I shall get to it sooner or later.
4. I think that condensed substance has lesser condensed substance forming its background. My current treatment of Physics is logical mainly.
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When we talk about the absence of all substance, we are talking about a void. It is difficult to visualize a void, because in a void there is nothing to be aware of.
Yes. Agreed. Spacetime without dimension points is relatively motionless, and though it is, yet it not. Welcome to my Tautological Universe.
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The substance has to be the fundamental concept of Physics, because the whole subject of Physics derives from how we sense things.
Using this logic, it seems that I can state that measurements has to be the fundamental concept of Physics, because the whole subject of Physics derives from how we measure things.
Or substitute “mathematics” for sense or measurements . . . Or faith.
Honestly, subatomic physics has to do mostly with math predictions rather than substance. It is like we go along making macro-physics as consistent as possible and looking more closely, like a mathematical bifurcation, the whole subject explodes into not fewer but more things to study, or more mythology.
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Measurement and mathematics are tools to investigate the concepts of Physics.
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Similarly to our views of matter being condensed energy, when doing some comparisons between electron and photon, I happened upon this man’s idea of as he calls it, “matter-energy.” I want to share this bit from Quora that he wrote that I found interesting: click here
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My link is too general, I will try to narrow it. His contribution is under the name of Cyril Gamage and the Quora question is, “What are the similarities and differences between photons and electrons?”
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As substance un-condenses, it occupies more space. Therefore, logically, photon has to be much bigger in size than the electron.
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The fundamental concept is neither space nor time. The fundamental concept is the consistency (or substantiality) of substance.
You seem to be seeing something here that I am not. I think you are seeing a discreteness that I am not. Maybe you will say more about why you use the word consistency and substance together?
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Per the dictionary, consistency is “a degree of density, firmness, viscosity, etc.”
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/consistency
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