I recently answered the following question on Quora: How are protons and neutrons arranged within the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons differ primarily because of the presence of charge on the proton. Charge exists because of the high density gradient at the interface between the nuclear and electronic regions.
In my opinion, the nucleus is a continuum of dense substance, whereas the electronic region is a continuum of much lesser density. These two regions exist in equilibrium with each other. Charge is the force that exist at the interface because of the large density difference between these two regions.
Protons and neutron are “energy particles”. They are not segregated as particles within the nucleus. From Particle, Continuum and Atom:
The “energy particle” is defined by an interaction. It refers to the amount of the substance involved in an interaction. It is not the amount existing in space by itself. A quantum of light is the amount of light involved in an interaction within the detector. A quantum of light is different for different interactions. This is similar to a chemical agent reacting in different amounts in different chemical reactions.
An ENERGY PARTICLE is the amount of substance participating in an interaction.
A light quantum is created out of a continuum of light. Such energy particle is always discrete because the interactions can be counted. This is what happens in the photoelectric phenomenon. Discrete interactions do not necessarily imply that light is discrete and indivisible in space. Light is a continuum and infinitely divisible in space in space though its interactions are discrete and “indivisible”.
A quantum is an energy particle. It has a specific value determined from how it interacts, but that value is part of a continuum.
A QUANTUM is a discrete amount drawn from a continuum by an interaction at the atomic level.
Protons and neutrons are “energy particles” They are quanta. They are made up of discrete amount drawn from the nuclear continuum for the interactions that detects them. Within the nuclear region there is no difference between the proton and neutron as they are part of a continuum.
The charge that differentiates proton simply represent a density gradient that appears in the interaction, which detects the proton.
This is a novel view, but it comes about naturally from A Logical Approach to Theoretical Physics.
Overall, the atom is a whirlpool of fast-moving continua of substance that is gradually condensing toward the center. It is also slowing down as it approaches the center. The nucleus is the densest part of this whirlpool at the center of the atom. This whirlpool is flat much like the whirlpool of the galaxy.
This is the WHIRLPOOL MODEL of the atom.
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