Lorentz Transformations

Lorentz transformation looks at the characteristics of space and time from the viewpoint of the invariant speed of light. The invariance of the speed of light means that it is absolute. It does not depend on anything external to light. It is an intrinsic property.

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Light as Substance

If light has intrinsic properties, then light may be considered a substance. Newton thought so because he looked at light as made up of corpuscles. Unlike an atom a corpuscle is infinitely divisible. See Corpuscular theory of light – Wikipedia. An “electromagnetic cycle” may be considered a corpuscle. It is infinitely divisible because time can be considered to be infinitely divisible.

The higher is the frequency of light, the greater is the concentration of “electromagnetic cycles”, or corpuscles. These corpuscles cannot be treated as point particles because they do not have center of mass like material particles do. They have to treated as a fluid-like continuum. Therefore, higher concentration of corpuscles would mean, higher density of the fluid-like continuum of light.

We may conclude that light is a continuum with certain density. Its density is represented by a “frequency”. This density indicates that light has mass, but this mass is not structured as it is in matter. This mass displays wave characteristics as it flows at the speed of light.

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Space and Time

Space may be considered to be a characteristic of substance. Descartes thought that space is defined by the extents of substance. This is obvious for matter. But the space, which is empty of matter, may actually be defined by the extents of light. Here light refers to the whole electromagnetic spectrum.

Similarly, time may be defined by the duration of substance. Matter seems to have almost infinite duration because it endures forever at any location in space. But the duration of light seems to be very small, because it whizzes past any location in space at great speed. The duration of a substance and its absolute speed appear to be inverse of each other. See The Logic of Motion.

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Speed in Lorentz Equation

The above considerations present motion in absolute terms. They are very likely to provide interesting interpretation to Lorentz transformations and also to Einstein’s theory of special relativity.

The relative motion that we measure as the speed of heavenly bodies and the speed of objects on earth, is not the same thing as the absolute motion that we measure as inverse of density. Therefore, we cannot compare a relative speed to the absolute motion of light because they do not have the same basis. They are like apples and oranges. The “v/c” ratio in Lorentz transform have no consistent basis mathematically.  

The implications of this shall be taken up in the next chapter.

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August 29, 2019 – 3:45 PM Categories: Physics Book | Post a comment

The Structure of Mind

Looking at the long history of the universe we observe that there is a continual evolution in terms of increasing order. Underlying this evolution is a power. This same power underlies the mind.

The purpose of the mind, therefore, is to evolve the organism and the environment toward greater order. The primary function of the mind is to coordinate the activities of the body and the environment so they evolve. When there are anomalies, the mind resolves them so there is greater order in terms of consistency, harmony and continuity.

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The Mental Matrix

Mind is not the same thing as brain. The brain is part of the body’s hardware; mind is the body’s software. To understand the structure of the mind we need to first understand how it operates.

The mind operates by drawing on experience. This experience is derived from the perceptions received continually by the mind. In a normal functioning mind, the perceptions are received through the senses of touch, sight, hearing, taste and smell. These perceptions break down into fine data elements, which are then arranged in a matrix type structure.

A matrix is made up of nodes where each node is in some relationship with every other node. In the mental matrix the nodes are made up of data elements that are related to each other by the properties perceived. For example, in an animal mind, these data elements may be related by the properties of how safe and edible the things perceived are.

The human mind is more complex than the animal mind. The perceptions from the environment get refined rapidly as patterns of data elements. For example, the property “red” may be expressed as part of the color scale. This makes the matrix of the human mind extremely refined and complex. Errors creep in only when perceptions do not get refined and assimilated into this mental matrix.

The mind is a matrix made up of elements derived from the perception of the environment.

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Earlier Models

The present work proposes this “matrix” model for the mind. Looking at earlier models, we find Freud’s model of conscious and unconscious mind proposed in 1890s, and Hubbard’s model of analytical and reactive mind proposed later in 1950s.

In the matrix model, the greater is the refinement of the data elements and the relationships among them, the higher is the consciousness. Thus human consciousness is much higher than the consciousness in animals. When perceptions from the environment are not refined into patterns of data elements they are just lodged into the mental matrix as “unassimilated nodes”. The person is not conscious of such unassimilated experiences. This describes the concept of “unconscious mind” proposed by Freud.

The “unconscious mind” of Freud is made up of “unassimilated nodes” in the mental matrix.

In the matrix model, thinking occurs as the data elements associate with each other such that continuity, harmony and consistency are maintained at all times throughout the mental matrix. This forms the faculty of the mind to imagine and make projections in an analytical manner. In a refined and well-assimilated matrix the thinking is rational, or analytical. However, as more “unassimilated nodes” are activated in the mental matrix the thinking becomes irrational and reactive. This describes the concept of “reactive mind” proposed by Hubbard.

The “reactive mind” of Hubbard is also made up of “unassimilated nodes” in the mental matrix.

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Memory

The models of Freud and Hubbard imply that perceptions are stored “as-is” in the mind. However, the “matrix” model describes the storage of perceptions as patterns of data elements well-assimilated within the mental matrix. Since same data elements may be utilized many times in different patterns, the “matrix” model provides a more efficient way of storing perceptions in the mind. A “memory” is a pattern of data elements that is activated by attention. Memory is clear and precise when its pattern is made up of refined and well-assimilated elements. It would be difficult to recall a memory if it contains “unassimilated nodes”.

A “memory” is a pattern of data elements that is activated by attention.

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Summary

The matrix arrangement ensures that the data elements can be combined in infinity of unique ways to represent all possible experience. These combinations could be the formation of past memories upon recall. Or, they can be the formation of new visualizations needed to sort out anomalies created by “unassimilated nodes”.

The matrix arrangement provides a very efficient organization and storage of experience to support the activities of the mind.

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August 28, 2019 – 7:30 AM Categories: Meditation | Post a comment

Exercise 12: Effortlessness

Reference: The 12 Aspects of Mindfulness

When you let it be, it becomes effortless. Effort comes into play only when there is resistance to letting it be. It is completely safe when you let the body and mind unwind gradually on their own. Trouble occurs only when you become anxious and start to dig for answers.

Purpose:

To let meditation be effortless

Pre-requisites:

Complete Exercise 11: Contemplation.

Instructions:

In this exercise you practice effortlessness. You may do this exercise while sipping coffee in a café or strolling along a river. You may even find a place where you can sit comfortably for a while without being disturbed. Then patiently observe the world go by.

Prepare yourself as in earlier exercises. Observe the environment and the people in a casual, easygoing manner. Observe what is there in the environment using all your senses. Let various forms, sounds, smells, taste, touch, thoughts, emotions, impulses etc. come to you. Do not strain to perceive them.

Become aware of the body and stay aware of it without interfering with its natural movements, such as, that of breathing, or responding to natural impulses. Let physical reactions, such as, twitches in muscles, minor pains and aches, sleepiness, etc., come and go. Experience the body as a whole without resisting it.

Become aware of the mind and stay aware of it without interfering with its natural thought processes. Let your attention be non-judgmental. Let mental reactions, such as, memories, feelings, emotions, thoughts, etc., come and go. Experience the mind as a whole without resisting it.

Simply observe the physical and mental objects necessary to follow the trail of interest. Let the mind contemplate on anomalies (inconsistencies, disharmonies and discontinuities) as they present themselves.

Let your eyes be open, half-closed, or closed naturally and not be controlled. Keep this exercise as effortless as possible.

Continue this exercise for at least 20 minutes. You may repeat this exercise as many times as you wish.

End of Exercise:

When you can meditate effortlessly, then this exercise is passed.

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August 25, 2019 – 11:12 AM Categories: Meditation | Post a comment

Exercise 11: Contemplation

Reference: The 12 Aspects of Mindfulness

When mindfulness is practiced, thinking becomes contemplation. Problems are solved by looking at them non-judgmentally and recognizing the relationships. One looks around to get the missing information instead of trying to “figure it out”.

Purpose:

To contemplate thoughtfully.

Pre-requisites:

Complete Exercise 10: Name and Form.

Instructions:

In this exercise you contemplate thoughtfully. You may do this exercise while sipping coffee in a café or strolling along a river. You may even find a place where you can sit comfortably for a while without being disturbed. Then patiently observe the world go by.

Prepare yourself as in earlier exercises. Observe the environment and the people in a casual, easygoing manner. Observe name, form, characteristics and all possible associations.

When you perceive some anomaly (inconsistency, disharmony or discontinuity) become very alert. Do so even when explanations are provided. Look more closely around the subject area that seems out of place and focus on what does not make sense.

Be non-judgmental and follow the trail of what continues to be puzzling. The trail may take you to some childhood question that never got answered, or to some confusion in school that never got resolved. Apply all aspects of mindfulness to these unresolved questions, confusions and emotions. Consult references from books and Internet as necessary.

The trail may also take you to some traumatic incident that you feel emotional about. Let the attitudes, emotions, sensations and pain purge themselves out. Follow through with what does not make sense to the end of the trail. Exhaust all such trails until the missing piece is found.

Continue this exercise for at least 20 minutes. You may repeat this exercise as many times as you wish.

End of Exercise:

When you can contemplate thoughtfully by following all trails until they are exhausted, then this exercise is passed.

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August 25, 2019 – 10:43 AM Categories: Meditation | Post a comment

Exercise 10: Name and Form

Reference: The 12 Aspects of Mindfulness

Name acts as a broad reference point to something. Form is one of the many ways that a thing may be represented. The perception of a thing goes beyond its name and form. Fixation on name and form may act as built-in judgment of what is there. To know something, one must go beyond name and form and look at it more closely including all its associations.

Purpose:

To practice not getting hung up on name and form.

Pre-requisites:

Complete Exercise 9: Associate Data Freely.

Instructions:

In this exercise you observe things beyond their name and form. You may do this exercise while sipping coffee in a café or strolling along a river. You may even find a place where you can sit comfortably for a while without being disturbed. Then patiently observe the world go by.

Prepare yourself as in the earlier exercises. Observe the environment and the people in a casual, easygoing manner. Notice the name and the outer form of the object that you are observing. For example, you may be observing an apple (as Newton did).

Contemplate on the ideas associated with the name and form of this object. Contemplate on its properties. Contemplate on the purpose, possible uses, and history of this object. Explore all such associations. Contemplate over this object looking at it in the context of the whole universe. Do this with as many different objects as the time allows.

There should not be any strain in such contemplation. Do it in a leisurely manner. You may consult references on internet, in books, etc.

Continue this exercise for at least 20 minutes. You may repeat this exercise as many times as you wish.

End of Exercise:

When you can look at something without getting hung up on its name and form, then this exercise is passed.

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August 25, 2019 – 10:28 AM Categories: Meditation | Post a comment