THE BHAGAVAD GITA: Chapter 7

Reference: Course on The Bhagavad Gita
English Translation By Shri Purohit Swami

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Chapter 7

श्रीभगवानुवाच
मय्यासक्तमनाःपार्थयोगंयुञ्जन्मदाश्रयः।
असंशयंसमग्रंमांयथाज्ञास्यसितच्छृणु।।7.1।।

7.1 “Lord Shri Krishna said: Listen, O Arjuna! And I will tell thee how thou shalt know Me in my Full perfection, practising meditation with thy mind devoted to Me, and having Me for thy refuge.

ज्ञानंतेऽहंसविज्ञानमिदंवक्ष्याम्यशेषतः।
यज्ज्ञात्वानेहभूयोऽन्यज्ज्ञातव्यमवशिष्यते।।7.2।।

7.2 I will reveal to this knowledge unto thee, and how it may be realized; which, once accomplished, there remains nothing else worth having in this life.

मनुष्याणांसहस्रेषुकश्िचद्यततिसिद्धये।
यततामपिसिद्धानांकश्िचन्मांवेत्तितत्त्वतः।।7.3।।

7.3 Among thousands of men scarcely one strives for perfection, and even amongst those who gain occult powers, perchance but one knows me in truth.

भूमिरापोऽनलोवायुःखंमनोबुद्धिरेवच।
अहङ्कारइतीयंमेभिन्नाप्रकृतिरष्टधा।।7.4।।

7.4 Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, intellect and personality; this is the eightfold division of My Manifested Nature.

अपरेयमितस्त्वन्यांप्रकृतिंविद्धिमेपराम्।
जीवभूतांमहाबाहोययेदंधार्यतेजगत्।।7.5।।

7.5 This is My inferior Nature; but distinct from this, O Valiant One, know thou that my Superior Nature is the very Life which sustains the universe.

एतद्योनीनिभूतानिसर्वाणीत्युपधारय।
अहंकृत्स्नस्यजगतःप्रभवःप्रलयस्तथा।।7.6।।

7.6 It is the womb of all being; for I am He by Whom the worlds were created and shall be dissolved.

मत्तःपरतरंनान्यत्किञ्चिदस्तिधनञ्जय।
मयिसर्वमिदंप्रोतंसूत्रेमणिगणाइव।।7.7।।

7.7 O Arjuna! There is nothing higher than Me; all is strung upon Me as rows of pearls upon a thread.

रसोऽहमप्सुकौन्तेयप्रभास्मिशशिसूर्ययोः।
प्रणवःसर्ववेदेषुशब्दःखेपौरुषंनृषु।।7.8।।

7.8 O Arjuna! I am the Fluidity in water, the Light in the sun and in the moon. I am the mystic syllable Om in the Vedic scriptures, the Sound in ether, the Virility in man.

पुण्योगन्धःपृथिव्यांचतेजश्चास्मिविभावसौ।
जीवनंसर्वभूतेषुतपश्चास्मितपस्विषु।।7.9।।

7.9 I am the Fragrance of earth, the Brilliance of fire. I am the Life Force in all beings, and I am the Austerity of the ascetics.

बीजंमांसर्वभूतानांविद्धिपार्थसनातनम्।
बुद्धिर्बुद्धिमतामस्मितेजस्तेजस्विनामहम्।।7.10।।

7.10 Know, O Arjuna, that I am the eternal Seed of being; I am the Intelligence of the intelligent, the Splendour of the resplendent.

बलंबलवतामस्मिकामरागविवर्जितम्।
धर्माविरुद्धोभूतेषुकामोऽस्मिभरतर्षभ।।7.11।।

7.11 I am the Strength of the strong, of them who are free from attachment and desire; and, O Arjuna, I am the Desire for righteousness.

येचैवसात्त्विकाभावाराजसास्तामसाश्चये।
मत्तएवेतितान्विद्धिनत्वहंतेषुतेमयि।।7.12।।

7.12 Whatever be the nature of their life, whether it be pure or passionate or ignorant, they are all derived from Me. They are in Me, but I am not in them.

त्रिभिर्गुणमयैर्भावैरेभिःसर्वमिदंजगत्।
मोहितंनाभिजानातिमामेभ्यःपरमव्ययम्।।7.13।।

7.13 The inhabitants of the world, misled by those natures which the Qualities have engendered, know not that I am higher than them all, and that I do not change.

दैवीह्येषागुणमयीमममायादुरत्यया।
मामेवयेप्रपद्यन्तेमायामेतांतरन्तिते।।7.14।।

7.14 Verily, this Divine Illusion of Phenomenon manifesting itself in the Qualities is difficult to surmount. Only they who devote themselves to Me and to Me alone can accomplish it.

नमांदुष्कृतिनोमूढाःप्रपद्यन्तेनराधमाः।
माययापहृतज्ञानाआसुरंभावमाश्रिताः।।7.15।।

7.15 The sinner, the ignorant, the vile, deprived of spiritual perception by the glamour of Illusion, and he who pursues a godless life – none of them shall find Me.

चतुर्विधाभजन्तेमांजनाःसुकृतिनोऽर्जुन।
आर्तोजिज्ञासुरर्थार्थीज्ञानीचभरतर्षभ।।7.16।।

7.16 O Arjuna! The righteous who worship Me are grouped by stages: first, they who suffer, next they who desire knowledge, then they who thirst after truth, and lastly they who attain wisdom.

तेषांज्ञानीनित्ययुक्तएकभक्ितर्विशिष्यते।
प्रियोहिज्ञानिनोऽत्यर्थमहंसचममप्रियः।।7.17।।

7.17 Of all of these, he who has gained wisdom, who meditates on Me without ceasing, devoting himself only to Me, he is the best; for by the wise man I am exceedingly beloved and the wise man, too, is beloved by Me.

उदाराःसर्वएवैतेज्ञानीत्वात्मैवमेमतम्।
आस्थितःसहियुक्तात्मामामेवानुत्तमांगतिम्।।7.18।।

7.18 Noble-minded are they all, but the wise man I hold as my own Self; for he, remaining always at peace with Me, makes me his final goal.

बहूनांजन्मनामन्तेज्ञानवान्मांप्रपद्यते।
वासुदेवःसर्वमितिसमहात्मासुदुर्लभः।।7.19।।

7.19 After many lives, at last the wise man realises Me as I am. A man so enlightened that he sees God everywhere is very difficult to find.

कामैस्तैस्तैर्हृतज्ञानाःप्रपद्यन्तेऽन्यदेवताः।
तंतंनियममास्थायप्रकृत्यानियताःस्वया।।7.20।।

7.20 They in whom wisdom is obscured by one desire or the other, worship the lesser Powers, practising many rites which vary according to their temperaments.

योयोयांयांतनुंभक्तःश्रद्धयार्चितुमिच्छति।
तस्यतस्याचलांश्रद्धांतामेवविदधाम्यहम्।।7.21।।

7.21 But whatever the form of worship, if the devotee have faith, then upon his faith in that worship do I set My own seal.

सतयाश्रद्धयायुक्तस्तस्याराधनमीहते।
लभतेचततःकामान्मयैवविहितान्हितान्।।7.22।।

7.22 If he worships one form alone with real faith, then shall his desires be fulfilled through that only; for thus have I ordained.

अन्तवत्तुफलंतेषांतद्भवत्यल्पमेधसाम्।
देवान्देवयजोयान्तिमद्भक्तायान्तिमामपि।।7.23।।

7.23 The fruit that comes to men of limited insight is, after all, finite. They who worship the Lower Powers attain them; but those who worship Me come unto Me alone.

अव्यक्तंव्यक्ितमापन्नंमन्यन्तेमामबुद्धयः।
परंभावमजानन्तोममाव्ययमनुत्तमम्।।7.24।।

7.24 The ignorant think of Me, who am the Unmanifested Spirit, as if I were really in human form. They do not understand that My Superior Nature is changeless and most excellent.

नाहंप्रकाशःसर्वस्ययोगमायासमावृतः।
मूढोऽयंनाभिजानातिलोकोमामजमव्ययम्।।7.25।।

7.25 I am not visible to all, for I am enveloped by the illusion of Phenomenon. This deluded world does not know Me as the Unborn and the Imperishable.

वेदाहंसमतीतानिवर्तमानानिचार्जुन।
भविष्याणिचभूतानिमांतुवेदनकश्चन।।7.26।।

7.26 I know, O Arjuna, all beings in the past, the present and the future; but they do not know Me.

इच्छाद्वेषसमुत्थेनद्वन्द्वमोहेनभारत।
सर्वभूतानिसंमोहंसर्गेयान्तिपरन्तप।।7.27।।

7.27 O brave Arjuna! Man lives in a fairy world, deceived by the glamour of opposite sensations, infatuated by desire and aversion.

येषांत्वन्तगतंपापंजनानांपुण्यकर्मणाम्।
तेद्वन्द्वमोहनिर्मुक्ताभजन्तेमांदृढव्रताः।।7.28।।

7.28 But those who act righteously, in whom sin has been destroyed, who are free from the infatuation of the conflicting emotions, they worship Me with firm resolution.

जरामरणमोक्षायमामाश्रित्ययतन्तिये।
तेब्रह्मतद्विदुःकृत्स्नमध्यात्मंकर्मचाखिलम्।।7.29।।

7.29 Those who make Me their refuge, who strive for liberation from decay and Death, they realize the Supreme Spirit, which is their own real Self, and in which all action finds its consummation.

साधिभूताधिदैवंमांसाधियज्ञंचयेविदुः।
प्रयाणकालेऽपिचमांतेविदुर्युक्तचेतसः।।7.30।।

7.30 Those who see Me in the life of the world, in the universal sacrifice, and as pure Divinity, keeping their minds steady, they live in Me, even in the crucial hour of death.”

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Subject Clearing

ULTIMATE REFUGE
Not many know this ultimate refuge and arrive at it. The whole universe is its manifestation. It sustains the universe. It lies at the core of everything. It connects everything. All the attributes, qualities and powers come from it. The whole nature springs from it. All deceptions arise from it. It is the constant beyond all illusion. It is not easy to move past this illusion. It requires concentration and discipline to recognize it as Oneness. See Verses 7:1 – 7:15.

REFUGEES
These are the righteous who suffer, who desire knowledge, who thirst after truth, and who then attain wisdom. Of all of these, he who has gained wisdom, who continues to meditates without ceasing is the best. He is closest to attaining the refuge. It may take many lives, but he finally realizes that Oneness is the ultimate refuge. See Verses 7:16 – 7:19.

OBSTACLES
The are the distractions that obscure wisdom by one desire or the other, such as, worshipping the lesser Powers, practicing many rites which vary according to their temperaments. It amounts to a lack of faith in Oneness. See Verses 7:20 – 7:21.

WORSHIP
A person attains whatever form he worships with real faith. The fruit that comes to men of limited insight is, after all, finite. They who worship the Lower Powers attain them; but those who worship the ultimate Oneness attain that. The ignorant think of the ultimate refuge to be of human form. They do not understand that it is changeless and most excellent. See Verses 7:22 – 7:24.

ILLUSION
Man lives in a fairy world, deceived by the glamour of opposite sensations, infatuated by desire and aversion. The ultimate refuge is enveloped by the illusion of Phenomenon. This deluded world does not recognize the constant underlying all this changing phenomena. See Verses 7:25 – 7:27.

DISCIPLINE
Act righteously. Free yourself from the infatuation of the conflicting emotions. Seek oneness with firm resolution. Strive for liberation from decay and Death. The truth lies within you. It is the common denominator of everything. Keep your mind steady, and contemplate on Oneness even in the crucial hour of death. See Verses 7:28 – 7:30.

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December 12, 2020 – 7:09 AM Categories: Religion | Post a comment

The World of Atom (Part XI)

Reference: Boorse 1966: The World of Atom

PART XI – ATOMIC THEORY DEVELOPS

THE WORLD OF ATOM by Boorse

Chapter 54: Atomic Number (Henry G. J. Mosley 1887 – 1915)

It seemed to Mendeleev that the mass of an atom is the decisive physical parameter that determines its structure and chemical behavior. Mosley thought that if the electrons were moving in orbits according to the Bohr theory, the X-ray spectrum of a heavy element should exhibit a line structure similar to that of the hydrogen spectrum. The X-ray spectrum would change in a regular way according to charge on the nucleus (the atomic number) as one went from one heavy atom to the next if the Bohr-Rutherford model of the atom were correct.

As the charge increases, the electron orbits become more closely bound to the nucleus and we should expect the frequency of spectral lines to increase. This is precisely what Mosley found—the step-by-step change in the frequencies of two distinct lines as one progresses from the lighter to heavier elements. Mosley stated this relationship in a simple empirical formula, which he was able to match with the data. Mosley’s formula shows that the atomic number and not the atomic weight is the decisive quantity in the arrangement of the elements in the periodic table.

Chapter 55: Quantum Theory of Radiation and Atomic Processes (Albert Einstein 1879 – 1955)

The Quantum Theory of Radiation. Einstein (1917) gave the nuclear atom a logically satisfying structure by deriving the Planck’s radiation formula from the Bohr Theory and stationary states. Einstein showed that radiation is a fully directed phenomenon because the momentum of a quantum must be taken into account. A remarkable aspect of this derivation is the appearance of the stimulated emission process (verified later by the development of Laser).

Chapter 56: The Compton Effect (Arthur H. Compton 1892 – 1962)

A Quantum Theory of the Scattering of X-Rays by Light Elements. The X-ray beam, after it is scattered by electrons, suffers a definite reduction in frequency. Compton showed that energy of the photon, as given by its frequency, is reduced by the same amount that the kinetic energy of the recoil electron is increased. Thus, the photon is a momentum carrying corpuscle that can transfer its momentum in a given direction to the atom. The Compton effect also implies that the electron must be treated as a wave and not as a particle.

Chapter 57: Space Quantization (Otto Stern 1888 – 1969, Walter Gerlach 1889 – 1979)

Experimental Proof of Space Quantization in a Magnetic Field. The fine structure of spectral lines was explained by the quantization of the angular momentum, in addition to the quantization of electron orbits within the atom. Furthermore, there is “space quantization,” which is the concept that the component of the angular momentum vector along the z-direction can take only certain values.

Chapter 58: Electron Spin (Samuel A. Goudsmit 1902 – 1978, George E. Uhlenbeck 1900 – 1988)

Spinning Electrons and the Structure of Spectra. Electron was assumed to be like a golf ball and its spin was postulated to provide the fourth quantum number to explain the complexities of the atomic spectra, but electron can equally be a wave, with “electron spin” requiring a different explanation. Therefore, electron spin is essentially a mathematical parameter.

The four quantum numbers in atomic physics are: principal quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, magnetic quantum number, and spin quantum number. Together, they describe the unique quantum state of an electron.

The principal quantum number (n) indirectly describes the size of the electron orbital. It has the greatest effect on the energy of the electron. It was first designed to distinguish between different energy levels in the Bohr model of the atom. It is always assigned an integer value (e.g., n = 1, 2, 3…), but its value may never be 0. An orbital for which n = 2 is larger, for example, than an orbital for which n = 1. Energy must be absorbed in order for an electron to be excited from an orbital near the nucleus (n = 1) to get to an orbital further from the nucleus (n = 2).

The azimuthal quantum number (l) for an atomic orbital determines its orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital. 

The magnetic quantum number (ml): ml = -l, …, 0, …, +l. Specifies the orientation in space of an orbital of a given energy (n) and shape (l). This number divides the sub-shell into individual orbitals which hold the electrons; there are 2l+1 orbitals in each sub-shell.

The spin quantum number (ms) describes the angular momentum of an electron. An electron spins around an axis and has both angular momentum and orbital angular momentum. Because angular momentum is a vector, the Spin Quantum Number (s) has both a magnitude (1/2) and direction (+ or -).

Chapter 59: The Exclusion Principle (Wolfgang Pauli 1900 – 1958)

Exclusion Principle and Quantum Mechanics. The four quantum numbers were developed following the Bohr’s model to explain the atomic spectra and to establish consistency among the elements in the Periodic table. Within a given atom, no two electrons can have identical full sets of quantum numbers. The Exclusion Principle has assisted greatly in postulating a structure for the atom. The atomic model is essentially based on a mathematical consistency.

Chapter 60: Secondary Radiation (Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman 1888 – 1970)

A New Class of Spectra Due to Secondary Radiation. When light hits a molecule or an atom, it is scattered. The scattered light contains frequencies equal to, smaller than, and larger than the frequency of the primary light. That part of the incident frequency is absorbed which corresponds to the natural frequency of the molecule, and the rest is scattered, or the natural frequency is added to the incident frequency of the light that is scattered. This is the Raman Effect.

Chapter 61: Statistical Mechanics (S. N. Bose 1894 – 1974)

Planck’s Law and Light Quantum Hypothesis. Bose applied quantum principle of discrete energy levels to Statistical mechanics. The quantum definition takes the identity of the particles into account. It leads to a distribution different from the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, and hence to a different equation of state for a perfect gas. Boyle’s law does not hold for such a gas and the departure from Boyle’s law becomes greater and greater as the temperature decreases.

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MAIN POINTS

  1. The charge on the nucleus is represented by the atomic number.
  2. Elements differ from each other by their atomic number and atomic weight.
  3. As the charge increases, the electron orbits become more closely bound to the nucleus.
  4. The atomic number and not the atomic weight is the decisive quantity in the arrangement of the elements in the periodic table.
  5. The stationary orbits in Bohr’s model are consistent with Planck’s theory of Quantum.
  6. The momentum of radiation makes it a directed phenomenon.
  7. The photon is a momentum carrying corpuscle that can transfer its momentum in a given direction to the atom. 
  8. The electron must be treated as a wave and not as a particle.
  9. The quantization of the angular momentum explains the fine structure of spectral lines,
  10. The electronic structure around the nucleus is defined by four different quantum numbers.
  11. Within a given atom, no two electrons can have identical full sets of quantum numbers.
  12. Lines in spectra occur also due to vibration phenomena other than absorption and emission.
  13. More mathematical relationships are being worked out for the atomic domain.

THEORY
The structure of the atom is increasingly the result of mathematical consistency among experimental observations. The mathematical model defines the structure of the substance that is transitioning from mass of the nucleus into the surrounding vortex of energy.

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December 6, 2020 – 7:41 PM Categories: Physics Book | Post a comment

Black and White Thinking

There is no absolute black, or absolute white. Between black and white there exists a gradient scale of gray.

When we look at the duality of HOT-COLD, it is best viewed as a temperature scale which refers to temperature changing in infinitesimal gradients. At one end of this scale the temperature may be viewed as gradually getting hotter. At the other end of the same scale the temperature may be viewed as gradually getting cooler.

The mathematical duality of infinite-zero is applied to the idea od something and nothing. Infinity is not a number but it represents continuously increasing quantities that are very large. Similarly, zero is not a number but it represents continuously decreasing quantities that are very small.

The “zero” on a scale simply represent an arbitrary reference point called “origin”.

On this mathematical scale of numbers, the integers may appear to be discrete, but between two integers we have fractions, and between two fractions we have irrational numbers. So, the mathematical scale of numbers is really a continuum without any gaps even at the infinitesimal level.

In reality there is a single scale with two ends that extend endlessly on either side.

Any duality like Good-Evil, Right-Wrong, True-False, I am-I am not is, therefore, a continuum of infinitesimally varying values with no gaps in between anywhere. Dualism looks at these dualities as having a wide gap between two opposite ideas. Non-dualism looks at the two opposite ideas as just an illusion. But both these considerations are fixations in the mind.

The fixation of dualism and non-dualism are alike the result of black and white thinking. The truth is that there is a gradient scale that extends endlessly in either direction. This realization settles the confusion between dualism and non-dualism.

The black and white thinking may be looked upon as the result of fixations in the mind.

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December 1, 2020 – 8:22 AM Categories: Education | Post a comment

Continuing the Research

I did the experimental research mentioned in The Future of Education while participating in an ongoing G.E.D. program at a Church in New Port Richie, Florida.

I started to lecture on mathematics after organizing the materials such that they followed the logical structure of the subject (see Primary School Review). A girl who had been struggling with math for months, and always looked morose, started to look happy and eager to learn after just four such lectures. There were many such promising results. There were many comments like, “If you were my teacher in school I wouldn’t have dropped out.”

I had to end this informal experimental research because those in-charge of the program had purchased a computer-based system for G.E.D. instruction. I tried but didn’t get formal permission to continue with my educational research. After I left the program I received this touching email from a student.

“Hello. 

 I was very upset when I walked into Class today to find out you will not be there Anymore. 

 I left Early, and I was filled with Sadness, For you have became an important part of my life. For the first time in my life, I was actually beginning to understand, and take math in, Because of you and the way you Teach. I am not the only one who is upset, and is going to miss you, But I understand. I will not Forget what you have taught me, Math and Spiritual, And I will use it as I continue my Journey. I just want to thank you for Everything. Your efforts did not go Unappreciated. Take Care, Your Little Conary :)”

Jokingly I had compared this student to a canary that was taken down in mines by miners in old times to warn them of inflammable gases. This student was simply lost where math was concerned and was the first one in the class whose expressions warned me that I should be more simple in my explanations.

I have given thought to how an SLC program could be organized. It would require Lesson Plans that follow the logical structure of a subject. The two most important subjects are Mathematics (to develop “systematic thinking”), and Language Art (to help one with “communication skills”). The fundamentals of these subject must be captured carefully in the beginning lesson plans. 

The lesson plans for Mathematics are completed, and they are available at Course on Mathematics. As the student becomes a self-learner, he simply needs good textbooks. In mathematics, I find that century old books in Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry are much more helpful from the viewpoint of conceptual understanding. Such books are provided at the Remedial Math link.

Lesson plans for Language Arts and other subjects may be researched and developed when an SLC is established.

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November 23, 2020 – 2:06 PM Categories: Education | Post a comment

THE BHAGAVAD GITA: Chapter 6

Reference: Course on The Bhagavad Gita
English Translation by Shri Purohit Swami

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Chapter 6

श्रीभगवानुवाच
अनाश्रितःकर्मफलंकार्यंकर्मकरोतियः।
ससंन्यासीचयोगीचननिरग्निर्नचाक्रियः।।6.1।।

6.1 “Lord Shri Krishna said: He who acts because it is his duty, not thinking of the consequences, is really spiritual and a true ascetic; and not he who merely observes rituals or who shuns all action.

यंसंन्यासमितिप्राहुर्योगंतंविद्धिपाण्डव।
नह्यसंन्यस्तसङ्कल्पोयोगीभवतिकश्चन।।6.2।।

6.2 O Arjuna! Renunciation is in fact what is called Right Action. No one can become spiritual who has not renounced all desire.

आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगंकर्मकारणमुच्यते।
योगारूढस्यतस्यैवशमःकारणमुच्यते।।6.3।।

6.3 For the sage who seeks the heights of spiritual meditation, practice is the only method, and when he has attained them, he must maintain himself there by continual self-control.

यदाहिनेन्द्रियार्थेषुनकर्मस्वनुषज्जते।
सर्वसङ्कल्पसंन्यासीयोगारूढस्तदोच्यते।।6.4।।

6.4 When a man renounces even the thought of initiating action, when he is not interested in sense objects or any results which may flow from his acts, then in truth he understands spirituality.

उद्धरेदात्मनाऽऽत्मानंनात्मानमवसादयेत्।
आत्मैवह्यात्मनोबन्धुरात्मैवरिपुरात्मनः।।6.5।।

6.5 Let him seek liberation by the help of his Highest Self, and let him never disgrace his own Self. For that Self is his only friend; yet it may also be his enemy.

बन्धुरात्माऽऽत्मनस्तस्ययेनात्मैवात्मनाजितः।
अनात्मनस्तुशत्रुत्वेवर्तेतात्मैवशत्रुवत्।।6.6।।

6.6 To him who has conquered his lower nature by Its help, the Self is a friend, but to him who has not done so, It is an enemy.

जितात्मनःप्रशान्तस्यपरमात्मासमाहितः।
शीतोष्णसुखदुःखेषुतथामानापमानयोः।।6.7।।

6.7 The Self of him who is self-controlled, and has attained peace is equally unmoved by heat or cold, pleasure or pain, honour or dishonour.

ज्ञानविज्ञानतृप्तात्माकूटस्थोविजितेन्द्रियः।
युक्तइत्युच्यतेयोगीसमलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनः।।6.8।।

6.8 He who desires nothing but wisdom and spiritual insight, who has conquered his senses and who looks with the same eye upon a lump of earth, a stone or fine gold, is a real saint.

सुहृन्मित्रार्युदासीनमध्यस्थद्वेष्यबन्धुषु।
साधुष्वपिचपापेषुसमबुद्धिर्विशिष्यते।।6.9।।

6.9 He looks impartially on all—lover, friend or foe; indifferent or hostile; alien or relative; virtuous or sinful.

BG Verses 6.1-6.9
A person who does not make any sacrifice, or who simply does not act, is not a yogi. To become a yogi he must sacrifice all personal desires. Then he must practice selfless action to reach the highest levels of meditation. Then his actions become wise, detached and spontaneous. The mind acts as an enemy only when one succumbs to its errors. So, he improves his mind without succumbing to its errors.  To such a man happiness and distress, heat and cold, honor and dishonor are all the same. He is established in self-realization and fully satisfied in his knowledge. As he advances further, he comes to view everyone—friends or enemies, indifferent or hostile, righteous or sinful—with an impartial intellect.

NOTE: These verse further expand upon the route to liberation.

योगीयुञ्जीतसततमात्मानंरहसिस्थितः।
एकाकीयतचित्तात्मानिराशीरपरिग्रहः।।6.10।।

6.10 Let the student of spirituality try unceasingly to concentrate his mind; Let him live in seclusion, absolutely alone, with mind and personality controlled, free from desire and without possessions.

शुचौदेशेप्रतिष्ठाप्यस्थिरमासनमात्मनः।
नात्युच्छ्रितंनातिनीचंचैलाजिनकुशोत्तरम्।।6.11।।  

6.11 Having chosen a holy place, let him sit in a firm posture on a seat, neither too high nor too low, and covered with a grass mat, a deer skin and a cloth.

तत्रैकाग्रंमनःकृत्वायतचित्तेन्द्रियक्रियः।
उपविश्यासनेयुञ्ज्याद्योगमात्मविशुद्धये।।6.12।।

6.12 Seated thus, his mind concentrated, its functions controlled and his senses governed, let him practise meditation for the purification of his lower nature.

समंकायशिरोग्रीवंधारयन्नचलंस्थिरः।
संप्रेक्ष्यनासिकाग्रंस्वंदिशश्चानवलोकयन्।।6.13।।

6.13 Let him hold body, head and neck erect, motionless and steady; let him look fixedly at the tip of his nose, turning neither to the right nor to the left.

प्रशान्तात्माविगतभीर्ब्रह्मचारिव्रतेस्थितः।
मनःसंयम्यमच्चित्तोयुक्तआसीतमत्परः।।6.14।।

6.14 With peace in his heart and nor fear, observing the vow of celibacy, with mind controlled and fixed on Me, let the student lose himself in contemplation of Me.

युञ्जन्नेवंसदाऽऽत्मानंयोगीनियतमानसः।
शान्तिंनिर्वाणपरमांमत्संस्थामधिगच्छति।।6.15।।

6.15 Thus keeping his mind always in communion with Me, and with his thoughts subdued, he shall attain that Peace which is mine and which will lead him to liberation at last.

BG Verses 6.10-6.15
The spiritual seeker ideally should live alone in seclusion, free of desires and constantly practicing concentration of mind in meditation. For meditation, he should prepare a seat in a sanctified place by placing Kuśh grass, deer skin, and a cloth, one over the other. The seat should be neither too high nor too low. Seated firmly, the seeker should strive to purify the mind by focusing it in meditation with one pointed concentration, controlling all thoughts and activities. He  should hold his body, neck and head erect in a straight line and look fixedly at the tip of the nose. He should let his mind settle down by simply observing what is there. He should then contemplate on the universal reality. Thus, meditating constantly over time he should attain moksha.

NOTE: Here are some explicit instructions regarding the activity of meditation.

नात्यश्नतस्तुयोगोऽस्तिनचैकान्तमनश्नतः।
नचातिस्वप्नशीलस्यजाग्रतोनैवचार्जुन।।6.16।।

6.16 Meditation is not for him who eats too much, not for him who eats not at all; not for him who is overmuch addicted to sleep, not for him who is always awake.

युक्ताहारविहारस्ययुक्तचेष्टस्यकर्मसु।
युक्तस्वप्नावबोधस्ययोगोभवतिदुःखहा।।6.17।।

6.17 But for him who regulates his food and recreation, who is balanced in action, in sleep and in waking, it shall dispel all unhappiness.

यदाविनियतंचित्तमात्मन्येवावतिष्ठते।
निःस्पृहःसर्वकामेभ्योयुक्तइत्युच्यतेतदा।।6.18।।

6.18 When the mind, completely controlled, is centered in the Self, and free from all earthly desires, then is the man truly spiritual.

यथादीपोनिवातस्थोनेङ्गतेसोपमास्मृता।
योगिनोयतचित्तस्ययुञ्जतोयोगमात्मनः।।6.19।।

6.19 The wise man who has conquered his mind and is absorbed in the Self is as a lamp which does not flicker, since it stands sheltered from every wind.

यत्रोपरमतेचित्तंनिरुद्धंयोगसेवया।
यत्रचैवात्मनाऽऽत्मानंपश्यन्नात्मनितुष्यति।।6.20।।

6.20 There, where the whole nature is seen in the light of the Self, where the man abides within his Self and is satisfied there, its functions restrained by its union with the Divine, the mind finds rest.

सुखमात्यन्तिकंयत्तद्बुद्धिग्राह्यमतीन्द्रियम्।
वेत्तियत्रनचैवायंस्थितश्चलतितत्त्वतः।।6.21।।

6.21 When he enjoys the Bliss which passes sense, and which only the Pure Intellect can grasp, when he comes to rest within his own highest Self, never again will he stray from reality.

यंलब्ध्वाचापरंलाभंमन्यतेनाधिकंततः।
यस्मिन्स्थितोनदुःखेनगुरुणापिविचाल्यते।।6.22।।

6.22 Finding That, he will realise that there is no possession so precious. And when once established here, no calamity can disturb him.

तंविद्याद्दुःखसंयोगवियोगंयोगसंज्ञितम्।
सनिश्चयेनयोक्तव्योयोगोऽनिर्विण्णचेतसा।।6.23।।

6.23 This inner severance from the affliction of misery is spirituality. It should be practised with determination and with a heart which refuses to be depressed.

सङ्कल्पप्रभवान्कामांस्त्यक्त्वासर्वानशेषतः।
मनसैवेन्द्रियग्रामंविनियम्यसमन्ततः।।6.24।।

6.24 Renouncing every desire which imagination can conceive, controlling the senses at every point by the power of mind;

शनैःशनैरुपरमेद्बुद्ध्याधृतिगृहीतया।
आत्मसंस्थंमनःकृत्वानकिञ्चिदपिचिन्तयेत्।।6.25।।

6.25 Little by little, by the help of his reason controlled by fortitude, let him attain peace; and, fixing his mind on the Self, let him not think of any other thing.

यतोयतोनिश्चरतिमनश्चञ्चलमस्थिरम्।
ततस्ततोनियम्यैतदात्मन्येववशंनयेत्।।6.26।।

6.26 When the volatile and wavering mind would wander, let him restrain it and bring it again to its allegiance to the Self.

प्रशान्तमनसंह्येनंयोगिनंसुखमुत्तमम्।
उपैतिशान्तरजसंब्रह्मभूतमकल्मषम्।।6.27।।

6.27 Supreme Bliss is the lot of the sage, whose mind attains Peace, whose passions subside, who is without sin, and who becomes one with the Absolute.

युञ्जन्नेवंसदाऽऽत्मानंयोगीविगतकल्मषः।
सुखेनब्रह्मसंस्पर्शमत्यन्तंसुखमश्नुते।।6.28।।

6.28 Thus, free from sin, abiding always in the Eternal, the saint enjoys without effort the Bliss which flows from realization of the Infinite.

सर्वभूतस्थमात्मानंसर्वभूतानिचात्मनि।
ईक्षतेयोगयुक्तात्मासर्वत्रसमदर्शनः।।6.29।।

6.29 He who experiences the unity of life sees his own Self in all beings, and all beings in his own Self, and looks on everything with an impartial eye;

योमांपश्यतिसर्वत्रसर्वंचमयिपश्यति।
तस्याहंनप्रणश्यामिसचमेनप्रणश्यति।।6.30।।

6.30 He who sees Me in everything and everything in Me, him shall I never forsake, nor shall he lose Me.

सर्वभूतस्थितंयोमांभजत्येकत्वमास्थितः।
सर्वथावर्तमानोऽपिसयोगीमयिवर्तते।।6.31।।

6.31 The sage who realizes the unity of life and who worships Me in all beings, lives in Me, whatever may be his lot.

आत्मौपम्येनसर्वत्रसमंपश्यतियोऽर्जुन।
सुखंवायदिवादुःखंसःयोगीपरमोमतः।।6.32।।

6.32 O Arjuna! He is the perfect saint who, taught by the likeness within himself, sees the same Self everywhere, whether the outer form be pleasurable or painful.

अर्जुनउवाच
योऽयंयोगस्त्वयाप्रोक्तःसाम्येनमधुसूदन।
एतस्याहंनपश्यामिचञ्चलत्वात्स्थितिंस्थिराम्।।6.33।।

6.33 Arjuna said: I do not see how I can attain this state of equanimity which Thou has revealed, owing to the restlessness of my mind.

चञ्चलंहिमनःकृष्णप्रमाथिबलवद्दृढम्।
तस्याहंनिग्रहंमन्येवायोरिवसुदुष्करम्।।6.34।।

6.34 My Lord! Verily, the mind is fickle and turbulent, obstinate and strong, yea extremely difficult as the wind to control.

श्रीभगवानुवाच
असंशयंमहाबाहोमनोदुर्निग्रहंचलं।
अभ्यासेनतुकौन्तेयवैराग्येणचगृह्यते।।6.35।।

6.35 Lord Shri Krishna replied: Doubtless, O Mighty One, the mind is fickle and exceedingly difficult to restrain, but, O Son of Kunti, with practice and renunciation it can be done.

असंयतात्मनायोगोदुष्प्रापइतिमेमतिः।
वश्यात्मनातुयतताशक्योऽवाप्तुमुपायतः।।6.36।।

6.36 It is not possible to attain Self-Realization if a man does not know how to control himself; but for him who, striving by proper means, learns such control, it is possible.

अर्जुनउवाच
अयतिःश्रद्धयोपेतोयोगाच्चलितमानसः।
अप्राप्ययोगसंसिद्धिंकांगतिंकृष्णगच्छति।।6.37।।

6.37 Arjuna asked: He who fails to control himself, whose mind falls from spiritual contemplation, who attains not perfection but retains his faith, what of him, my Lord?

कच्चिन्नोभयविभ्रष्टश्छिन्नाभ्रमिवनश्यति।
अप्रतिष्ठोमहाबाहोविमूढोब्रह्मणःपथि।।6.38।।

6.38 Having failed in both, my Lord, is he without hope, like a riven cloud having no support, lost on the spiritual road?

एतन्मेसंशयंकृष्णछेत्तुमर्हस्यशेषतः।
त्वदन्यःसंशयस्यास्यछेत्तानह्युपपद्यते।।6.39।।

6.39 My Lord! Thou art worthy to solve this doubt once and for all; save Thyself there is no one competent to do so.

श्रीभगवानुवाच
पार्थनैवेहनामुत्रविनाशस्तस्यविद्यते।
नहिकल्याणकृत्कश्िचद्दुर्गतिंतातगच्छति।।6.40।।

6.40 Lord Shri Krishna replied: My beloved child! There is no destruction for him, either in this world or in the next. No evil fate awaits him who treads the path of righteousness.

प्राप्यपुण्यकृतांलोकानुषित्वाशाश्वतीःसमाः।
शुचीनांश्रीमतांगेहेयोगभ्रष्टोऽभिजायते।।6.41।।

6.41 Having reached the worlds where the righteous dwell, and having remained there for many years, he who has slipped from the path of spirituality will be born again in the family of the pure, benevolent and prosperous.

अथवायोगिनामेवकुलेभवतिधीमताम्।
एतद्धिदुर्लभतरंलोकेजन्मयदीदृशम्।।6.42।।

6.42 Or, he may be born in the family of the wise sages, though a birth like this is, indeed, very difficult to obtain.

तत्रतंबुद्धिसंयोगंलभतेपौर्वदेहिकम्।
यततेचततोभूयःसंसिद्धौकुरुनन्दन।।6.43।।

6.43 Then the experience acquired in his former life will revive, and with its help he will strive for perfection more eagerly than before.

पूर्वाभ्यासेनतेनैवह्रियतेह्यवशोऽपिसः।
जिज्ञासुरपियोगस्यशब्दब्रह्मातिवर्तते।।6.44।।

6.44 Unconsciously he will return to the practices of his old life; so that he who tries to realise spiritual consciousness is certainly superior to one who only talks of it.

प्रयत्नाद्यतमानस्तुयोगीसंशुद्धकिल्बिषः।
अनेकजन्मसंसिद्धस्ततोयातिपरांगतिम्।।6.45।।

6.45 Then after many lives, the student of spirituality, who earnestly strives, and whose sins are absolved, attains perfection and reaches the Supreme.

तपस्विभ्योऽधिकोयोगीज्ञानिभ्योऽपिमतोऽधिकः।
कर्मिभ्यश्चाधिकोयोगीतस्माद्योगीभवार्जुन।।6.46।।

6.46 The wise man is superior to the ascetic and to the scholar and to the man of action; therefore be thou a wise man, O Arjuna!

योगिनामपिसर्वेषांमद्गतेनान्तरात्मना।
श्रद्धावान्भजतेयोमांसमेयुक्ततमोमतः।।6.47।।

6.47 I look upon him as the best of mystics who, full of faith, worshippeth Me and abideth in Me.”

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Summary

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November 18, 2020 – 1:58 PM Categories: Religion | Post a comment