The Universe & Beingness

Reference: Course on Subject Clearing

This Key Word List and Glossary considers the universe and its beingness. The essence of beingness is awareness.

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Key Word List

Beingness, Reality,  Matter, Energy, Space, Time, Thought, Self, Viewpoint, Identity, Individuality, Ego, “I”

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Glossary

Beingness
A manifestation means that it has a beingness. Every bit of existence is being, and it is aware of other bits of existence as part of the same universe. In humans, the beingness is very complex and sophisticated. A human being is a bundle of abilities.

Reality
The reality of beingness is expressed as matter, energy, space, time and thought.

Matter
Matter is the solidity of the beingness. That means what is being is staying fixed. 

Energy
Energy is the changeability of the beingness. That means what is being is changing continually.

Space
Space is the scope and dimensions of the beingness. That means what is being has extents and properties.

Time
Time denotes the persistence of the beingness and the successive changes it undergoes. That means what is being is existing and evolving. 

Thought
Thought is the consideration of beingness. It is made of associations in the mental matrix.

Self
Self is the thought considering its own nature. In humans, self is the center of the mental matrix.

Viewpoint
The viewpoint is the frame of reference, which the self uses to view things. 

Identity
Origin: “same, always being itself.” When self ascertains what it is, it acquires an identity. Identity is condition that identifies something. In humans, identity is the character as to who a person is, and the qualities, beliefs, etc., that distinguish that person. 

Individuality
The individuality of a person is part of his identity as it distinguishes him from others of his kind. Individuality is determined by the uniqueness of the mental matrix.

Ego
Ego is an identity with an introverted and fixed viewpoint.

“I”
“I” is the “center of awareness” of the mental matrix. This concept is similar to the concept of “center of mass” of a solid object in Physics.

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November 4, 2022 – 8:33 AM Categories: Subject Clearing | Post a comment

The Universe & Beginning

Reference: Course on Subject Clearing

This Key Word List and Glossary considers the universe and its beginning. We may only speculate on this subject based on the reasoning provided below.

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Key Word List

Manifest, Begin, Unknowable, Change, Cause & Effect, End, Cycle, Evolution

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Glossary

Manifest
Origin: “detected in the act, evident, visible”. Manifest means readily perceived by the eye or the understanding. We become aware of the universe upon its manifestation.

Begin
The universe began with a manifestation. In other words, the universe began with awareness.

Unknowable
That, which is before the beginning of the universe. It cannot be known because it is not manifested. It is different from “unknown,” which is something manifested but not known. 

Change
Starting from the beginning there are successive changes.

Cause & Effect
When there is a previous manifestation that changes into a subsequent manifestation, we have the ideas of cause and effect. The idea of CAUSE applies to the “previous manifestation”, which is “unknowable” for the universe itself. Otherwise, cause and effect apply to everything within the universe. 

End
Within the universe a manifestation ends when it changes to another manifestation. 

Cycle
A cycle is something that repeats. Begin-Change-End is the most basic cycle. A cycle can be viewed only from a viewpoint independent of that cycle. Thus, we can see cycles within the universe of which we are not a part. Since we are not independent of the universe; we may only speculate on the cycle of the universe. We cannot say if the universe has a beginning or an end. For us, the universe begins with awareness, and ends in non-awareness. 

Evolution
Origin: “to unroll, open, unfold”. To evolve is to develop gradually. The cycles in this universe lead to evolution from simple to more complex and sophisticated. There is evolution from inanimate objects to self-animated organism. The self-animated organism evolve from the vegetable and the animal kingdoms to humans. The peak of this evolution is the human kind. The deep awareness appears only at the level of humans in the form of knowingness.

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November 4, 2022 – 4:55 AM Categories: Subject Clearing | Post a comment

The Universe & Mind

Reference: Course on Subject Clearing

This Key Word List and Glossary introduces the universe and its relationship to the mind. The universe provides all possible relationships. The mind generates associations in a mental matrix to conceive the universe.

Note: The Key Word List and the Glossary have been updated since the issuance of the video above.

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Key Word List

Universe, Existence, Sense, Sensation, Perceptual Element,  Perception, Knowingness, Awareness, Mental matrix

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Glossary

Universe
Origin: “entire, all, literally, turned into one.” The universe refers to all matter, all energy, all space, all time, and all thought. In other words, the universe includes everything physical, metaphysical, real, imaginary, postulated or speculated. Nothing is excluded from the universe. It is the whole existence treated as ONE. 

Existence
Any thing that can be sensed and perceived has existence. It is part of the universe.

Sense
Origin: “to feel”. At the most basic level, to sense is to have a contact and subsequent reaction. A contact occurs because there is some relationship. All the laws of nature come about because the elements of the universe are able to sense each other. As life evolves the activity of “sensing” becomes more complex. In humans, “sensing” involves the faculties of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. 

Sensation
Sensations are basically reactions based on relationship and contact. In humans, the sensations are outcome of interactions between the faculties of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, and the environment. Sensations may be thought of as made of perceptual elements.

Perceptual Element
A perceptual element is an association generated from the relationships in the universe. In humans the perceptual elements are much finer than in the animals. Therefore, the character of awareness in humans is also very different compared to animals.

Assimilation
Origin: “made similar”. Assimilation establishes all possible associations among the perceptual elements. Duplicate perceptual elements are merged together. 

Perception
Origin: “a taking in”. Perceptions come about as the perceptual elements from incoming sensations continually get assimilated with each other. Thus, sensations get increasingly defined through complex and sophisticated associations and become perceptions.

Knowingness
Origin: “to know how, be able to” To know is to perceive or understand as fact or truth; to apprehend clearly and with certainty. Knowingness comes about as perception get assimilated and evolve into deep understanding. Here we have extremely sophisticated associations of the elements of the universe.

Awareness
Awareness arises on a gradient from associations among the perceptual elements of the universe as sensations, perceptions and knowingness.

Mental matrix
Origin of matrix: “womb”. The mind is essentially a multi-dimensional, complex matrix of perceptual elements accumulated over its existence. The mental matrix provides a copy of the universe based on one’s exposure to it. The more sophisticated are the perceptual elements within the mental matrix, the clearer is the awareness of the universe.

Mind
See Mental matrix.

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November 3, 2022 – 4:08 PM Categories: Subject Clearing | Post a comment

The Concept of Numbers

Reference: The Book of Mathematics

Introduction

This video explains how to read and write numbers up to trillions.

The NUMBERS are like words. They are made up of DIGITS, just like words are made up of letters.

In English, all the words are written with just twenty-six letters, from A to Z. In mathematics, all the numbers are written with just ten digits, from 0 to 9.

A DIGIT IS LIKE A LETTER. A NUMBER IS LIKE A WORD.

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Place Values

The Rule of Abacus gives us beads of values one, ten, hundred, etc. These values appear in numbers as PLACE VALUES as shown below. This number is made up of 3 hundreds, 9 tens, and 5 ones. It is read as “three hundred ninety-five.”

The place value of “one” may be thought of as a penny (one cent), the place value of “ten” may be thought of as a dime (10 cents), and the place value of “hundred” may be thought of as a dollar (100 cents).

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Written Numbers

A number written with one digit is called a single-digit number. There are nine single-digit numbers from 1 to 9. 0 (zero) is not a single-digit number because it represents nothing. It is called a place holder.

Example of a single-digit number: 7

A number written with two digits is called a double-digit number. There are ninety double-digit numbers from 10 to 99. You get ninety double-digit numbers by subtracting 9 from 99. You do not subtract 10 because it is included in double-digit numbers.

Example of a double-digit number: 43

A number written with three digits is called a three-digit number. There are nine hundred three-digit numbers from 100 to 999. You get nine hundred three-digit numbers by subtracting 99 from 999. You do not subtract 100 because it is included in three-digit numbers.

Example of a three-digit number: 478

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Group of Digits

The place values of “one-ten-hundred” make a group. A group contains numbers from 001 to 999. All three places in a group are shown by a digit even if a place has no value.

001 is the same number as 1

The most used groups are ONES, THOUSANDS, MILLIONS, BILLIONS, and TRILLIONS. These groups are arranged from right to left as shown below. The groups are separated by commas.

From right to left, the place values increase by a factor of ten. So, 10 “hundred” become 1 “thousand”; 10 “hundred thousand” become 1 “million”; 10 “hundred million” become 1 “billion”; and 10 “hundred billion” become 1 “trillion”. This pattern continues with higher place values.

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Reading & Writing Numbers

Here are some examples of reading and writing numbers.

We do not omit any place in a number. When a place has no count, we put “0” there as a place holder. For example, we write the number “302 trillion, 4 billion, 865 million, and Seven” as follows.

In this number the group “billion” has the value “004” (and not just 4). Since the group “thousand” is altogether missing, we put its value as “000”. The group “ones” has the value “007” (and not just 7).

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Check your Understanding

1. What are digits?

Digits are symbols used to write numbers.

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2. How many digits are there?

There are ten different digits—0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

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3. How many real elephants are there in the room with you? What digit would you use to represent this number of elephants?

Most likely there is no real elephant in the room with you. You will use the digit ‘0’ in that case to represent the absence of elephants. 

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4. Give examples for single-digit, double-digit, three-digit, and five-digit numbers.

7 is a single-digit number
32 is a double-digit number
483 is a three-digit number
63,153 is a five-digit number

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5. How many double-digit numbers are there?

From 10 to 99 (inclusive) there are 90 double-digit numbers.

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6. What are the three place values in a group (from right to left)?

One, ten and hundred

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7. What are the most used groups in a number (from right to left)?

Ones, Thousand, Million, Billion, and Trillion

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8. Write the number “Six billion, sixty-six thousand, sixty.”

6,000,066,060

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Final Thought

A DIGIT IS LIKE A LETTER. A NUMBER IS LIKE A WORD.

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November 1, 2022 – 11:48 AM Categories: Mathematics | Post a comment

Counting and Abacus

Reference: The Book of Mathematics

Introduction

This video explains counting and the Rule of Abacus.

Mathematics starts with Arithmetic, and Arithmetic starts with counting. We learn to count on our fingers as follows.

We have two hands with a total of ten fingers. We can count with these fingers to find out how many things there are.

But to count beyond ten, it requires many hands. Alternatively, we can use an Abacus.

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The Abacus

An abacus is a counting board on which one can count to very large numbers. It has many wires. On each wire there are ten beads.

The count appears on the abacus when beads are moved to the right. The count on a wire is the number of beads on the right.

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The Rule of Abacus

“When all beads are counted to the right on a wire, they are replaced by counting one bead to the right on the next wire.”

Obviously, when there is no bead on the right, the count is zero.

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Counting beyond Ten

We count beyond 10 by moving beads on the first wire again.

Today, we may not use the abacus, but we still use the Rule of Abacus in our numbering system.

After 19, the next number is 20.
After 29, the next number is 30.

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After 89, the next number is 90.
After 99, the next number is 100.

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Computers and Binary Numbers

In our computers we use the numbers made up of 0’s and 1’s. These binary numbers may be created on an abacus that has only 2 beads on each wire. The Rule of Abacus applies to this “binary abacus” also.

The number of beads on a wire represent the “base” of the numbering system.

If you imagine an abacus with two beads on each wire, it will use the digits 0 and 1 only, because when two is counted the rule of abacus will apply and the number “two” will appear as “10”. The number “three” will appear as “11”.  At “four” the rule of abacus will be applied twice. The number “four” will appear as “100”. You may construct all binary numbers this way.

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Check your Understanding

1. What is Counting?

The traditional way of counting consists of calling the first item as ONE, the next item as TWO, and so on. Counting can go on forever.

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2. What is the Rule of Abacus?

The RULE OF ABACUS is, “When all beads are counted to the right on a wire, they are replaced by counting one bead to the right on the next wire.”

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3. How is the Rule of Abacus helpful?

You need only as many digits to write the numbers as there are beads on a wire of abacus. One of those digits is always 0 (Zero). This is very useful when there are only two polarities to represent numbers as in the case of electronic computers.

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Final Thoughts

The very fact of counting makes mathematics fundamentally discrete. It cannot duplicate continuous reality, such as, the reality of PI (𝜋).

October 30, 2022 – 12:00 PM Categories: Mathematics | Post a comment