Author Archives: vinaire

I am originally from India. I am settled in United States since 1969. I love mathematics, philosophy and clarity in thinking.

The World of Atom (Part XIII)

Reference: Boorse 1966: The World of Atom

PART XIII – NEW PARTICLES AND ATOMIC ACCELERATORS

THE WORLD OF ATOM by Boorse

Chapter 72: The positive Electron – The First Particle of Antimatter (Carl D. Anderson 1905 – 1991)

The Positive Electron. Dirac’s theory implies negative-energy states and the possibility of electrons emerging from these states along with anti-electrons (positrons). Dirac suggested that the chance of such pair being created would be small because it would require energy equivalent to at least twice the mass of electron. However enough energy is present in cosmic radiation to create such a pair as it passes through a sheet of matter. Carl Anderson’s discovery of such pair of particles in his cosmic ray photographs established the Dirac theory as one of the most reliable in physics. This has led to the concept of antimatter.

Chapter 73: The discovery of the Deuteron (Harold Clayton Urey 1893 – 1981)

A Hydrogen Isotope of Mass 2 and its concentration. Fractional distillation of hydrogen to obtain a concentration of deuteron was accomplished by Harold Urey in 1932. This allowed the experimental investigation which resulted in the discovery of neutron soon afterwards.

Chapter 74: Discovery of the Neutron (James Chadwick 1891 – 1974)

The Existence of a Neutron. Scientists faced great difficulty in accounting for the mass and charge of a nucleus in terms of the electron and proton only. Chadwick pictured the beryllium radiation as being not electromagnetic but rather as consisting of neutral particles with masses equal to the mass of the proton. He proved that these particles are highly penetrating because they have no charge and are thus not repelled by the electric fields surrounding nuclei. Neutron and proton are now considered as two different energy states of the same fundamental particle, the nucleon. 

Chapter 75: Fermi’s Contributions (Enrico Fermi 1901 – 1954)

Quanta of a Field as Particles. Fermi-Dirac statistics add the restriction that electrons influence one another in such a way as to pre-empt or exclude identical motion in the same volume element (Pauli’s exclusion principle). Fermi did this to account for degeneracy. This was soon used to explain the properties of metals and to solve all kinds of solid-state problems. Fermi showed how various atomic problems can be treated statistically, to give results that are fairly accurate. Fermi demonstrated the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation. He developed a complete theory of β-decay and β-emission from the nucleus. His neutron research finally culminated in the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction on Dec 2, 1942.

Chapter 76: Artificial Nuclear Disintegration (John Cockcroft 1897 – 1967, Ernest Walton 1903 – 1995)

Experiments with High Velocity Positive Ions. Cockcroft and Walton were the first to construct an ion accelerator of sufficient energy to produce nuclear disintegrations.Gamow showed that α-particles, because of their wave nature, do indeed penetrate the Coulomb potential barrier at relatively low energies. Cockcroft became convinced that the wave properties of protons would allow them to enter light nuclei at low energies. Ernest Walton was then developing one of the first linear accelerators. Their collaboration in 1932 resulted in the first proton-induced artificial nuclear disintegration. The results showed that nuclei could be disrupted by particles of lower energy than previously supposed.

Chapter 77: The Electrostatic Generator (Robert Jemison Van De Graaff 1901 – 1967)

The Electrostatic Production of High Voltage for Nuclear Investigations. The Van de Graaff generator was developed as a particle accelerator for physics research; its high potential is used to accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds in an evacuated tube. It was the most powerful type of accelerator of the 1930s until the cyclotron was developed.

Chapter 78: The Cyclotron (Ernest O. Lawrence 1901 – 1958), Milton S. Livingston 1905 – 1986)

Production of High-Speed Ions. Lawrence introduced a new procedure: to accelerate ions to very high speeds in a series of steps, each of which would involve only a relatively small voltage. In a cyclotron, one must first have a magnetic field at right angles to the plane of the path of the ion and then an alternating electric field that changes its direction periodically in phase with motion of the ion.

Chapter 79: The Discovery of Induced Radioactivity (Jean F. Joliot 1900 – 1958, Irene Curie Joliot 1897 – 1956)

A New Type of Radioactivity. The Joliot-Curies showed in 1934 that when lighter elements, such as boron and aluminum, were bombarded with α-particles, the lighter elements continued to emit radiation even after the α−source was removed. They showed that this radiation consisted of positrons. The induced radioactivity appeared because an unstable nucleus had been created. This discovery set off similar research in physics laboratories around the world. 

Chapter 80: Prediction of the Meson (Hideki Yukawa 1907 – 1981)

On the Interaction of Elementary Particles. Hideki Yukawa developed a quantum field theory of the nuclear forces. He quantized the nuclear force field in complete analogy with the electromagnetic radiation field. The interaction between two charged particles is described as arising from the mutual emission and absorption of photons. Yukawa postulated that a much heavier particle is emitted by the neutron and then absorbed by the proton that generates strong interactions between them and thus account for nuclear forces. Later pi mesons (pions) were discovered that have the property predicted by Yukawa.

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MAIN POINTS

  1. Discovery of positron confirm the negative energy levels of Dirac’s theory.
  2. At the fundamental level matter and antimatter are created together.
  3. Discovery of Deuteron helped with the discovery of neutron.
  4. Neutron and proton are two different energy states of the same fundamental particle.
  5. Development of particle accelerators for research of the nucleus.
  6. Creation of unstable nucleus and induced radioactivity.
  7. A quantum field theory of the nuclear forces.

THEORY
The inside of the nucleus has no charge. It mainly consists of “neutrons.” As the energy levels decrease in the direction of increasing radius the neutron becomes a positively charged proton. Therefore, “protons” seem to exist on the surface of the nucleus. As energy level decreases further with increasing radius, the charge switches polarity, and we have negatively charged electrons. A sharp gradient of decrease in mass exists from proton to electron. Beyond electrons we have the fluid energy of electromagnetic radiation. The charged layer made up of protons and electrons is like a softening solid becoming partially fluid. Therefore, in nature, solid mass is separated from fluid energy by a semi-fluid layer of charge. The solid mass, the electrifying charge, and the fluid energy exist in perfect balance.

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Subject Clearing Overwhelm

Reference: Course on Subject Clearing

Do this exercise whenever you feel overwhelmed by a sense of responsibility.

Preparation

  1. Be well-fed and well-rested as much as possible.
  2. Get your attention as much extroverted as possible by taking a walk and examining your environment.
  3. Select a peaceful environment for meditation where you would not be disturbed.
  4. Sit in a cross-legged position, or in a chair with feet flat on the ground.

The Meditation

  1. Close your eyes. Inhale and exhale gently, slowly.
  2. With each inhalation, mentally say to yourself: “I am responsible for the body,” The inhalation should last the whole duration of that thought.
  3. With each exhalation, mentally say to yourself: “I am responsible for the mind.” The exhalation should last the whole duration of that thought.
  4. As you do the above:
    • Face the the situation and the feeling of overwhelm. Do not resist.
    • Face any regret about having done (or not done) something. Do not resist.
    • Face whatever is difficult to look at. Do not resist.
    • Look again at the problem that you have been trying to solve.
    • Do not avoid, suppress or deny any feelings and/or sensations.
    • Decide what you need to do in the present to fulfill your responsibility.
    • Visualize yourself doing it.
  5. Repeat this for as long as the feeling of overwhelm last.
  6. Do not end this exercise until you are on top of the feeling of overwhelm.

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Subject Clearing Fear and Anxiety

Reference: Course on Subject Clearing

Do this exercise whenever fear and anxiety are dominant. Please take all medical precautions.

Preparation

  1. Be well-fed and well-rested as much as possible.
  2. Get your attention as much extroverted as possible by taking a walk and examining your environment.
  3. Select a peaceful environment for meditation where you would not be disturbed.
  4. Sit in a cross-legged position, or in a straight-backed chair with feet flat on the ground.

The Meditation

  1. Close your eyes. Inhale and exhale gently, slowly.
  2. With each inhalation, mentally say to yourself: “I am not the body,”  while facing the sensations of fear and anxiety in the body, without resisting them. The inhalation should last the whole duration of that thought.
  3. With each exhalation, mentally say to yourself: “I am not even the mind,” while facing the feeling of fear and anxiety without resisting it. The exhalation should last the whole duration of that thought.
  4. Do not avoid, suppress or deny any sensations and feelings. Face them fully.
  5. Repeat this for as long as the fear and anxiety last.
  6. Do not end this exercise until you are on top of the fear, or anxiety, bothering you.

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Subject Clearing Detachment

Reference: Course on Subject Clearing

Do this meditation exercise whenever you feel too attached to things.

Preparation

  1. Be well-fed and well-rested as much as possible.
  2. Get your attention as much extroverted as possible by taking a walk and examining your environment.
  3. Select a peaceful environment for meditation where you would not be disturbed.
  4. Sit in a cross-legged position, or in a straight-backed chair with feet flat on the ground.

The Meditation

  1. Close your eyes. Inhale and exhale gently, slowly.
  2. With each inhalation, mentally say to yourself: “I am not the body.” The inhalation should last the whole duration of that thought.
  3. With each exhalation, mentally say to yourself: “I am not even the mind.” The exhalation should last the whole duration of that thought.
  4. Repeat this for 7 to 11 minutes.
  5. Do this exercise at least twice a day for a week.
  6. You can remind yourself that “I am not the body. I am not even the mind. anytime during the day.

NOTE: You may do this as a walking meditation on a treadmill at a slow, comfortable pace.

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THE BHAGAVAD GITA: Chapter 11

Reference: Course on The Bhagavad Gita
English Translation By Shri Purohit Swami

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Chapter 11

अर्जुनउवाच
मदनुग्रहायपरमंगुह्यमध्यात्मसंज्ञितम्।
यत्त्वयोक्तंवचस्तेनमोहोऽयंविगतोमम।।11.1।।

11.1 “Arjuna said: My Lord! Thy words concerning the Supreme Secret of Self, given for my blessing, have dispelled the illusions which surrounded me.

भवाप्ययौहिभूतानांश्रुतौविस्तरशोमया।
त्वत्तःकमलपत्राक्षमाहात्म्यमपिचाव्ययम्।।11.2।।

11.2 O Lord, whose eyes are like the lotus petal! Thou hast described in detail the origin and the dissolution of being, and Thine own Eternal Majesty.

एवमेतद्यथात्थत्वमात्मानंपरमेश्वर।
द्रष्टुमिच्छामितेरूपमैश्वरंपुरुषोत्तम।।11.3।।

11.3 I believe all as Thou hast declared it. I long now to have a vision of thy Divine Form, O Thou Most High!

मन्यसेयदितच्छक्यंमयाद्रष्टुमितिप्रभो।
योगेश्वरततोमेत्वंदर्शयाऽत्मानमव्ययम्।।11.4।।

11.4 If Thou thinkest that it can be made possible for me to see it, show me, O Lord of Lords, Thine own Eternal Self.

श्रीभगवानुवाच
पश्यमेपार्थरूपाणिशतशोऽथसहस्रशः।
नानाविधानिदिव्यानिनानावर्णाकृतीनिच।।11.5।।

11.5 Lord Shri Krishna replied: Behold, O Arjuna! My celestial forms, by hundred and thousands, various in kind, in colour and in shape.

पश्यादित्यान्वसून्रुद्रानश्िवनौमरुतस्तथा।
बहून्यदृष्टपूर्वाणिपश्याऽश्चर्याणिभारत।।11.6।।

11.6 Behold thou the Powers of Nature: fire, earth, wind and sky; the sun, the heavens, the moon, the stars; all forces of vitality and of healing; and the roving winds. See the myriad wonders revealed to none but thee.

इहैकस्थंजगत्कृत्स्नंपश्याद्यसचराचरम्।
ममदेहेगुडाकेशयच्चान्यद्द्रष्टुमिच्छसि।।11.7।।

11.7 Here in Me living as one, O Arjuna, behold the whole universe, movable and immovable, and anything else that thou wouldst see!

नतुमांशक्यसेद्रष्टुमनेनैवस्वचक्षुषा।
दिव्यंददामितेचक्षुःपश्यमेयोगमैश्वरम्।।11.8।।

11.8 Yet since with mortal eyes thou canst not see Me, lo! I give thee the Divine Sight. See now the glory of My Sovereignty.”

सञ्जयउवाच
एवमुक्त्वाततोराजन्महायोगेश्वरोहरिः।
दर्शयामासपार्थायपरमंरूपमैश्वरम्।।11.9।।

11.9 Sanjaya continued: “Having thus spoken, O King, the Lord Shri Krishna, the Almighty Prince of Wisdom, showed to Arjuna the Supreme Form of the Great God.

अनेकवक्त्रनयनमनेकाद्भुतदर्शनम्।
अनेकदिव्याभरणंदिव्यानेकोद्यतायुधम्।।11.10।।

11.10 There were countless eyes and mouths, and mystic forms innumerable, with shining ornaments and flaming celestial weapons.

दिव्यमाल्याम्बरधरंदिव्यगन्धानुलेपनम्।
सर्वाश्चर्यमयंदेवमनन्तंविश्वतोमुखम्।।11.11।।

11.11 Crowned with heavenly garlands, clothed in shining garments, anointed with divine unctions, He showed Himself as the Resplendent One, Marvellous, Boundless, Omnipresent.

दिविसूर्यसहस्रस्यभवेद्युगपदुत्थिता।
यदिभाःसदृशीसास्याद्भासस्तस्यमहात्मनः।।11.12।।

11.12 Could a thousand suns blaze forth together it would be but a faint reflection of the radiance of the Lord God.

तत्रैकस्थंजगत्कृत्स्नंप्रविभक्तमनेकधा।
अपश्यद्देवदेवस्यशरीरेपाण्डवस्तदा।।11.13।।

11.13 In that vision Arjuna saw the universe, with its manifold shapes, all embraced in One, its Supreme Lord.

ततःसविस्मयाविष्टोहृष्टरोमाधनञ्जयः।
प्रणम्यशिरसादेवंकृताञ्जलिरभाषत।।11.14।।

11.14 Thereupon Arjuna, dumb with awe, his hair on end, his head bowed, his hands clasped in salutation, addressed the Lord thus:

अर्जुनउवाच
पश्यामिदेवांस्तवदेवदेहेसर्वांस्तथाभूतविशेषसङ्घान्।
ब्रह्माणमीशंकमलासनस्थमृषींश्चसर्वानुरगांश्चदिव्यान्।।11.15।।

11.15 Arjuna said: O almighty God! I see in Thee the powers of Nature, the various creatures of the world, the Progenitor on his lotus throne, the Sages and the shining angels.

अनेकबाहूदरवक्त्रनेत्रंपश्यामित्वांसर्वतोऽनन्तरूपम्।
नान्तंनमध्यंनपुनस्तवादिंपश्यामिविश्वेश्वरविश्वरूप।।11.16।।

11.16 I see Thee, infinite in form, with, as it were, faces, eyes and limbs everywhere; no beginning, no middle, no end; O Thou Lord of the Universe, Whose Form is universal!

किरीटिनंगदिनंचक्रिणंचतेजोराशिंसर्वतोदीप्तिमन्तम्।
पश्यामित्वांदुर्निरीक्ष्यंसमन्ताद्दीप्तानलार्कद्युतिमप्रमेयम्।।11.17।।

11.17 I see thee with the crown, the sceptre and the discus; a blaze of splendour. Scarce can I gaze on thee, so radiant thou art, glowing like the blazing fire, brilliant as the sun, immeasurable.

त्वमक्षरंपरमंवेदितव्यंत्वमस्यविश्वस्यपरंनिधानम्।
त्वमव्ययःशाश्वतधर्मगोप्तासनातनस्त्वंपुरुषोमतोमे।।11.18।।

11.18 Imperishable art Thou, the Sole One worthy to be known, the priceless Treasure-house of the universe, the immortal Guardian of the Life Eternal, the Spirit Everlasting.

अनादिमध्यान्तमनन्तवीर्यमनन्तबाहुंशशिसूर्यनेत्रम्।
पश्यामित्वांदीप्तहुताशवक्त्रम्स्वतेजसाविश्वमिदंतपन्तम्।।11.19।।

11.19 Without beginning, without middle and without end, infinite in power, Thine arms all-embracing, the sun and moon Thine eyes, Thy face beaming with the fire of sacrifice, flooding the whole universe with light.

द्यावापृथिव्योरिदमन्तरंहिव्याप्तंत्वयैकेनदिशश्चसर्वाः।
दृष्ट्वाऽद्भुतंरूपमुग्रंतवेदंलोकत्रयंप्रव्यथितंमहात्मन्।।11.20।।

11.20 Alone thou fillest all the quarters of the sky, earth and heaven, and the regions between. O Almighty Lord! Seeing Thy marvellous and awe-inspiring Form, the spheres tremble with fear.

अमीहित्वांसुरसङ्घाःविशन्तिकेचिद्भीताःप्राञ्जलयोगृणन्ति।
स्वस्तीत्युक्त्वामहर्षिसिद्धसङ्घाःस्तुवन्तित्वांस्तुतिभिःपुष्कलाभिः।।11.21।।

11.21 The troops of celestial beings enter into Thee, some invoking Thee in fear, with folded palms; the Great Seers and Adepts sing hymns to Thy Glory, saying All Hail.’

रुद्रादित्यावसवोयेचसाध्याविश्वेऽश्िवनौमरुतश्चोष्मपाश्च।
गन्धर्वयक्षासुरसिद्धसङ्घावीक्षन्तेत्वांविस्मिताश्चैवसर्वे।।11.22।।

11.22 The Vital Forces, the Major stars, Fire, Earth, Air, Sky, Sun, Heaven, Moon and Planets; the Angels, the Guardians of the Universe, the divine Healers, the Winds, the Fathers, the Heavenly Singers; and hosts of Mammon-worshippers, demons as well as saints, are amazed.

रूपंमहत्तेबहुवक्त्रनेत्रंमहाबाहोबहुबाहूरुपादम्।
बहूदरंबहुदंष्ट्राकरालंदृष्ट्वालोकाःप्रव्यथितास्तथाऽहम्।।11.23।।

11.23 Seeing Thy stupendous Form, O Most Mighty, with its myriad faces, its innumerable eyes and limbs and terrible jaws, I myself and all the worlds are overwhelmed with awe.

नभःस्पृशंदीप्तमनेकवर्णंव्यात्ताननंदीप्तविशालनेत्रम्।
दृष्ट्वाहित्वांप्रव्यथितान्तरात्माधृतिंनविन्दामिशमंचविष्णो।।11.24।।

11.24 When I see Thee, touching the Heavens, glowing with colour, with open mouth and wide open fiery eyes, I am terrified. O My Lord! My courage and peace of mind desert me.

दंष्ट्राकरालानिचतेमुखानिदृष्ट्वैवकालानलसन्निभानि।
दिशोनजानेनलभेचशर्मप्रसीददेवेशजगन्निवास।।11.25।।

11.25 When I see Thy mouths with their fearful jaws like glowing fires at the dissolution of creation, I lose all sense of place; I find no rest. Be merciful, O Lord in whom this universe abides!

अमीचत्वांधृतराष्ट्रस्यपुत्राःसर्वेसहैवावनिपालसङ्घैः।
भीष्मोद्रोणःसूतपुत्रस्तथाऽसौसहास्मदीयैरपियोधमुख्यैः।।11.26।।

11.26 All these sons of Dhritarashtra, with the hosts of princes, Bheeshma, Drona and Karna, as well as the other warrior chiefs belonging to our side;

वक्त्राणितेत्वरमाणाविशन्तिदंष्ट्राकरालानिभयानकानि।
केचिद्विलग्नादशनान्तरेषुसंदृश्यन्तेचूर्णितैरुत्तमाङ्गैः।।11.27।।

11.27 I see them all rushing headlong into Thy mouths, with terrible tusks, horrible to behold. Some are mangled between thy jaws, with their heads crushed to atoms.

यथानदीनांबहवोऽम्बुवेगाःसमुद्रमेवाभिमुखाःद्रवन्ति।
तथातवामीनरलोकवीराविशन्तिवक्त्राण्यभिविज्वलन्ति।।11.28।।

11.28 As rivers in flood surge furiously to the ocean, so these heroes, the greatest among men, fling themselves into Thy flaming mouths.

यथाप्रदीप्तंज्वलनंपतङ्गाविशन्तिनाशायसमृद्धवेगाः।
तथैवनाशायविशन्तिलोकास्तवापिवक्त्राणिसमृद्धवेगाः।।11.29।।

11.29 As moths fly impetuously to the flame only to be killed, so these men rush into Thy mouths to court their own destruction.

लेलिह्यसेग्रसमानःसमन्ताल्लोकान्समग्रान्वदनैर्ज्वलद्भिः।
तेजोभिरापूर्यजगत्समग्रंभासस्तवोग्राःप्रतपन्तिविष्णो।।11.30।।

11.30 Thou seemest to swallow up the worlds, to lap them in flame. Thy glory fills the universe. Thy fierce rays beat down upon it irresistibly.

आख्याहिमेकोभवानुग्ररूपोनमोऽस्तुतेदेववरप्रसीद।
विज्ञातुमिच्छामिभवन्तमाद्यंनहिप्रजानामितवप्रवृत्तिम्।।11.31।।

11.31 Tell me then who Thou art, that wearest this dreadful Form? I bow before Thee, O Mighty One! Have mercy, I pray, and let me see Thee as Thou wert at first. I do not know what Thou intendest.

श्रीभगवानुवाच
कालोऽस्मिलोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धोलोकान्समाहर्तुमिहप्रवृत्तः।
ऋतेऽपित्वांनभविष्यन्तिसर्वेयेऽवस्थिताःप्रत्यनीकेषुयोधाः।।11.32।।

11.32 Lord Shri Krishna replied: I have shown myself to thee as the Destroyer who lays waste the world and whose purpose is destruction. In spite of thy efforts, all these warriors gathered for battle shall not escape death.

तस्मात्त्वमुत्तिष्ठयशोलभस्वजित्वाशत्रून्भुङ्क्ष्वराज्यंसमृद्धम्।
मयैवैतेनिहताःपूर्वमेवनिमित्तमात्रंभवसव्यसाचिन्।।11.33।।

11.33 Then gird up thy loins and conquer. Subdue thy foes and enjoy the kingdom in prosperity. I have already doomed them. Be thou my instrument, Arjuna!

द्रोणंचभीष्मंचजयद्रथंचकर्णंतथाऽन्यानपियोधवीरान्।
मयाहतांस्त्वंजहिमाव्यथिष्ठायुध्यस्वजेतासिरणेसपत्नान्।।11.34।।

11.34 Drona and Bheeshma, Jayadratha and Karna, and other brave warriors – I have condemned them all. Destroy them; fight and fear not. Thy foes shall be crushed.”

सञ्जयउवाच
एतच्छ्रुत्वावचनंकेशवस्यकृताञ्जलिर्वेपमानःकिरीटी।
नमस्कृत्वाभूयएवाहकृष्णंसगद्गदंभीतभीतःप्रणम्य।।11.35।।

11.35 Sanjaya continued: “Having heard these words from the Lord Shri Krishna, the Prince Arjuna, with folded hands trembling, prostrated himself and with choking voice, bowing down again and again, and overwhelmed with awe, once more addressed the Lord.

अर्जुनउवाच
स्थानेहृषीकेशतवप्रकीर्त्याजगत्प्रहृष्यत्यनुरज्यतेच
रक्षांसिभीतानिदिशोद्रवन्तिसर्वेनमस्यन्तिचसिद्धसङ्घाः।।11.36।।

11.36 Arjuna said: My Lord! It is natural that the world revels and rejoices when it sings the praises of Thy glory; the demons fly in fear and the saints offer Thee their salutations.

कस्माच्चतेननमेरन्महात्मन्गरीयसेब्रह्मणोऽप्यादिकर्त्रे।
अनन्तदेवेशजगन्निवासत्वमक्षरंसदसत्तत्परंयत्।।11.37।।

11.37 How should they do otherwise? O Thou Supremest Self, greater than the Powers of creation, the First Cause, Infinite, the Lord of Lords, the Home of the universe, Imperishable, Being and Not-Being, yet transcending both.

त्वमादिदेवःपुरुषःपुराणस्त्वमस्यविश्वस्यपरंनिधानम्।
वेत्तासिवेद्यंचपरंचधामत्वयाततंविश्वमनन्तरूप।।11.38।।

11.38 Thou art the Primal God, the Ancient, the Supreme Abode of this universe, the Knower, the Knowledge and the Final Home. Thou fillest everything. Thy form is infinite.

वायुर्यमोऽग्निर्वरुणःशशाङ्कःप्रजापतिस्त्वंप्रपितामहश्च।
नमोनमस्तेऽस्तुसहस्रकृत्वःपुनश्चभूयोऽपिनमोनमस्ते।।11.39।।

11.39 Thou art the Wind, Thou art Death, Thou art the Fire, the Water, the Moon, the Father and the Grandfather. Honour and glory to Thee a thousand and a thousand times! Again and again, salutation be to Thee, O my Lord!

नमःपुरस्तादथपृष्ठतस्तेनमोऽस्तुतेसर्वतएवसर्व।
अनन्तवीर्यामितविक्रमस्त्वंसर्वंसमाप्नोषिततोऽसिसर्वः।।11.40।।

11.40 Salutations to Thee in front and on every side, Thou who encompasseth me round about. Thy power is infinite; Thy majesty immeasurable; thou upholdest all things; yea,Thou Thyself art All.

सखेतिमत्वाप्रसभंयदुक्तंहेकृष्णहेयादवहेसखेति।
अजानतामहिमानंतवेदंमयाप्रमादात्प्रणयेनवापि।।11.41।।

11.41 Whatever I have said unto Thee in rashness, taking Thee only for a friend and addressing Thee as O Krishna! O Yadava! O Friend!’ in thoughtless familiarity, no understanding Thy greatness;

यच्चावहासार्थमसत्कृतोऽसिविहारशय्यासनभोजनेषु।
एकोऽथवाप्यच्युततत्समक्षंतत्क्षामयेत्वामहमप्रमेयम्।।11.42।।

11.42 Whatever insult I have offered to Thee in jest, in sport or in repose, in conversation or at the banquet, alone or in a multitude, I ask Thy forgiveness for them all, O Thou Who art without an equal!

पितासिलोकस्यचराचरस्यत्वमस्यपूज्यश्चगुरुर्गरीयान्।
नत्वत्समोऽस्त्यभ्यधिकःकुतोऽन्योलोकत्रयेऽप्यप्रतिमप्रभाव।।11.43।।

11.43 For Thou art the Father of all things movable and immovable, the Worshipful, the Master of Masters! In all the worlds there is none equal to Thee, how then superior, O Thou who standeth alone, Supreme.

तस्मात्प्रणम्यप्रणिधायकायंप्रसादयेत्वामहमीशमीड्यम्।
पितेवपुत्रस्यसखेवसख्युःप्रियःप्रियायार्हसिदेवसोढुम्।।11.44।।

11.44 Therefore I prostrate myself before Thee, O Lord! Most Adorable! I salute Thee, I ask Thy blessing. Only Thou canst be trusted to bear with me, as father to son, as friend to friend, as lover to his beloved.

अदृष्टपूर्वंहृषितोऽस्मिदृष्ट्वाभयेनचप्रव्यथितंमनोमे।
तदेवमेदर्शयदेवरूपंप्रसीददेवेशजगन्निवास।।11.45।।

11.45 I rejoice that I have seen what never man saw before; yet, O Lord! I am overwhelmed with fear. Please take again the Form I know. Be merciful, O Lord! thou Who are the Home of the whole universe.

किरीटिनंगदिनंचक्रहस्तमिच्छामित्वांद्रष्टुमहंतथैव।
तेनैवरूपेणचतुर्भुजेनसहस्रबाहोभवविश्वमूर्ते।।11.46।।

11.46 I long to see Thee as thou wert before, with the crown, the sceptre and the discus in Thy hands; in Thy other Form, with Thy four hands, O Thou Whose arms are countless and Whose forms are infinite.

श्रीभगवानुवाच
मयाप्रसन्नेनतवार्जुनेदंरूपंपरंदर्शितमात्मयोगात्।
तेजोमयंविश्वमनन्तमाद्यंयन्मेत्वदन्येननदृष्टपूर्वम्।।11.47।।

11.47 Lord Shri Krishna replied: My beloved friend! It is only through My grace and power that thou hast been able to see this vision of splendour, the Universal, the Infinite, the Original. Never has it been seen by any but thee.

नवेदयज्ञाध्ययनैर्नदानैर्नचक्रियाभिर्नतपोभिरुग्रैः।
एवंरूपःशक्यअहंनृलोकेद्रष्टुंत्वदन्येनकुरुप्रवीर।।11.48।।

11.48 Not by study of the scriptures, not by sacrifice or gift, not by ritual or rigorous austerity, is it possible for man on earth to see what thou hast seen, O thou foremost hero of the Kuru-clan!

मातेव्यथामाचविमूढभावोदृष्ट्वारूपंघोरमीदृङ्ममेदम्।
व्यपेतभीःप्रीतमनाःपुनस्त्वंतदेवमेरूपमिदंप्रपश्य।।11.49।।

11.49 Be not afraid or bewildered by the terrible vision. Put away thy fear and, with joyful mind, see Me once again in My usual Form.”

सञ्जयउवाच
इत्यर्जुनंवासुदेवस्तथोक्त्वास्वकंरूपंदर्शयामासभूयः।
आश्वासयामासचभीतमेनंभूत्वापुनःसौम्यवपुर्महात्मा।।11.50।।

11.50 Sanjaya continued: “Having thus spoken to Arjuna, Lord Shri Krishna showed Himself again in His accustomed form; and the Mighty Lord, in gentle tones, softly consoled him who lately trembled with fear.

अर्जुनउवाच
दृष्ट्वेदंमानुषंरूपंतवसौम्यंजनार्दन।
इदानीमस्मिसंवृत्तःसचेताःप्रकृतिंगतः।।11.51।।

11.51 Arjuna said: Seeing Thee in Thy gentle human form, my Lord, I am myself again, calm once more.

श्रीभगवानुवाच
सुदुर्दर्शमिदंरूपंदृष्टवानसियन्मम।
देवाअप्यस्यरूपस्यनित्यंदर्शनकाङ्क्षिणः।।11.52।।

11.52 Lord Shri Krishna replied: It is hard to see this vision of Me that thou hast seen. Even the most powerful have longed for it in vain.

नाहंवेदैर्नतपसानदानेननचेज्यया।
शक्यएवंविधोद्रष्टुंदृष्टवानसिमांयथा।।11.53।।

11.53 Not by study of the scriptures, or by austerities, not by gifts or sacrifices, is it possible to see Me as thou hast done.

भक्त्यात्वनन्ययाशक्यमहमेवंविधोऽर्जुन।
ज्ञातुंदृष्टुंचतत्त्वेनप्रवेष्टुंचपरंतप।।11.54।।

11.54 Only by tireless devotion can I be seen and known; only thus can a man become one with Me, O Arjuna!

मत्कर्मकृन्मत्परमोमद्भक्तःसङ्गवर्जितः।
निर्वैरःसर्वभूतेषुयःसमामेतिपाण्डव।।11.55।।

11.55 He whose every action is done for My sake, to whom I am the final goal, who loves Me only and hates no one – O My dearest son, only he can realize Me!”

.

Subject Clearing

Verses 11:1-11:4
The origin and dissolution of being is going on all the time. The illusion is that the being is considered permanent at some level. It is amazing to truly witness the origin and dissolution of being.

Verses 11:5-11:8
Look at all the uncountable galaxies, stars, suns, planets and the elements. Look at the powers in nature—the constructive forces of vitality and the destructive forces of violent storms—all of them living together as one.

Verses 11:9-11:14
Visualize as if you are surrounded by all these powerful forms and forces. Visualize them in the front and back, left and right, and even above and below. Stay there and behold them all. Whether constructive or destructive—they are all living together as one. It is an awesome sight.

Verses 11:15-11:17
Everything knowable—the powers of Nature, the gods, creatures, beings, forms, sages, divinities, the brilliance and splendor—is present in this Cosmic vision. It is infinite. This is a comprehensive concept of the universe consisting of everything knowable.

Verses 11:18-11:20
The universe is one. It is infinite both in space and time. It is worthy to be known. All life is part of this universe. It has no beginning or end. It is infinite in power. It is simply awesome.

Verses 11:21-11:23
All beings, powerful and wise, bow down to this universe. Demons and the saints alike are amazed by it. The universe is overwhelming with its awe.

Verses 11.24-11.27
The intimate view of the overall universe takes you by surprise beyond all that is familiar. All of a sudden you become aware of the destruction that is inevitable. It is so real and terrifying.

Verses 11.28-11.31
Looking at the battle field, Arjuna realizes that all these warriors were rushing toward their deaths and their destruction was inevitable. This included his own destruction as well. Arjuna feels totally helplessness and horrified about it. He starts to question the very purpose of life.

Verses 11.32-11.34
Krishna tells Arjuna that Time is the all devouring reality. There is constant change. Nothing survives forever. But the overall universe evolves as greater continuity, consistency and harmony comes about.

Verses 11.35-11.46
Arjuna realizes the nature of the Universe and Time. No wonder the universe is awesome and praiseworthy at the same time. How can it be otherwise! The Unknowable transcends both being and non-being. It is the basis of everything. This view of ultimate reality is beyond any other experience. It makes everything else appear so trivial. This ultimate reality stands supreme. But Maya is so enchanting.

Verses 11.47-11.55
This ultimate reality is rare to behold. You do not see it through the study of scriptures, or through the performance of rituals. Do not be afraid of it. It takes a lot of courage to view the universe as it is. One has to let go of everything–all attachments and prejudices. Just be there and confront.

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Final Comment

God refers to the core of the universe from which all natural laws spring forth and form the universe. Extreme devotion of Yoga may take the Yogi to this rare experience of God, but that experience is totally different from any intellectual projection.

It takes a lot of courage to view the universe as it is. It may feel like the ground slipping away from underneath one’s feet. There is no way that the yogi can be prepared for this experience. It can be so real that it is terrifying and utterly overwhelming.

There is simply a feeling of great awe at the immensity of this experience. Here is something senior to all the different gods that Aryans ever had over the centuries. Time is the all devouring reality. Destruction is inevitable. There is constant change. You are graced only when you flow with nature.