Reference: The Physics Book
The substance appears to made up of
- Nuclear “particles”
- Electronic “fluid”
- Electromagnetic “vapor”
- Gravitational “field”
The “material particles” appears to consist of all the above components. The nuclear “particles” have very high mass density. They exist within the continuum of electronic “fluid.”
The electronic “fluid” has much smaller mass density by several magnitudes. It exists within the continuum of electromagnetic “vapor”.
The electromagnetic “vapor” has still smaller mass density by several magnitudes. It exists within the continuum of gravitational “field.”
The gravitational “field” has infinitesimal mass density and it fades into the void.
Finally, the void is absence of substance and, therefore, it cannot be sensed.
From nuclear mass to void, there is a spectrum of substance of decreasing mass density.
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The Structure of Substance
The stability of proton and electron depends on certain equilibrium of mass between these two states. This is equivalent to stability between solid ice and liquid water existing together in equilibrium. The ice-water equilibrium is marked by a certain temperature. Similarly, we may postulate that the equilibrium between the nuclear and electronic mass densities is marked by a certain “temperature” that is maintained within an atom.
Within the electronic region, there are distinct energy levels (stationary states) that are visible in atomic spectra. These levels also seem to indicate steps in the gradient of mass density that are also in equilibrium. There are finer steps within these steps which are called “fine structure.”
Similarly within the electromagnetic region we have different areas that have been categorized as follows:
- Gamma radiation
- X-ray radiation
- Ultraviolet radiation
- Visible radiation
- Infrared radiation
- Terahertz radiation
- Microwave radiation
- Radio waves
These areas are distinctly different from each other in their properties. Most likely there is a gradient step in mass density where one area ends and another area begins.
The spectrum of substance is marked by steps in mass density that become smaller as mass density becomes smaller.
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