Reference: Course on the Universe
When we apply the method of SUBJECT CLEARING to the general knowledge we inevitably end up with the following postulates.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE UNIVERSE
POSTULATE # 1A: The universe is not just physical; it is metaphysical too. The universe includes everything whether physical, metaphysical, real, imaginary, postulated or speculated. Nothing is excluded from the universe.
COROLLARY: The universe includes everything that we observe and experience as body, mind and spirit and maybe more.
Science treats the universe as if it is just physical. Even religion separates the universe from God, implying that the universe does not include the spiritual aspect of God. No wonder we have a limited concept of the universe. The truth is that physical and spiritual are simply two different aspects of the universe that we can visualize. The actual universe is much, much more. It goes beyond what we can visualize.
POSTULATE # 1B: The universe is a single continuous entity.
COROLLARY: The physical and spiritual aspects of the universe are integrated with each other.
The word UNIVERSE is derived from a Latin word that meant “entire, all, literally, turned into one”. No matter how discrete parts of the universe may appear, they always have an underlying continuity. In science we have the theory of “multiple universes”; but these theorists seem to be missing the fact that a collection of “universes” will simply make a larger universe. There is no absolute separateness between these “multiverses.” There is always some connection somewhere. Absence of a connection will pose an anomaly to be resolved.
The actual universe is much larger than the physical universe of science. The physical universe has the spiritual component missing. The science tries to hide that spiritual component under the definition of energy. In the ultimate sense, energy has its own innate impulse. The idea that this impulse comes from some hidden source called “God,” introduces a mystery when there is none. It may be just that there is more to know about energy. Science is definitely moving in that direction.
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THE PRIMARY PROPERTY OF THE UNIVERSE (CYCLES)
POSTULATE # 2A: The universe has neither a beginning, nor an end.
This postulate comes from the ancient Vedas. It takes quite an insight to come up with this postulate. It is supported by the Law of Conservation of Energy in Physics. We can never know if there is an absolute beginning to this universe, or if it will ever end in an absolute sense. When the questions of beginning and end are put aside, we can concentrate on understanding the properties of this universe. According to the verse 7:6 of The Bhagavad Gita, this universe manifests and unmanifests in the Static Viewpoint unceasingly. This is where the Vedas came closest to describing God.
POSTULATE # 2B: The universe manifests and un-manifests in a cyclical fashion.
The manifesting and un-manifesting is essentially the universe switching back and forth between kinetic and potential states. The Big Bang model in physics seems to explain the manifesting of the kinetic state of the universe. The universe manifests as space that condenses into energy, which condenses further into matter. The condensation occurs in the form of galaxies, stars and planets floating in space. .
The Scientology Factor # 1 states, “Before the beginning was a Cause and the entire purpose of the Cause was the creation of effect.” This Factor applies to a cycle of the universe. There is always a previous cycle. The Cause would be the previous cycle. There is no primary cause.
The Scientology Factor # 2 states, “In the beginning and forever is the decision and the decision is TO BE.” This Factor applies to the duration of a cycle of the universe.
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THE DIMENSION OF CONTINUITY (TIME)
POSTULATE 3A: The cyclical nature of the universe is manifested as time.
The ultimate cycle is that of eternity within which the cycles of the universe are appearing. This backdrop of eternity is unchanging from the viewpoint of the universe. Similarly, the backdrop of this universe is unchanging from our viewpoint, because we are part of a cycle that is changing within this universe. All the cycles that we are aware of, are appearing and disappearing within the cycle of this universe. Our current “eternity” is this cycle of the universe. We assign durations to all the cycles within this universe with respect to the “foreverness” of the universe. These relative durations of cycles form our sense of time. The Maha Kala of Vedas is the backdrop of eternity that makes the passage of time apparent.
POSTULATE 3B: Eternity may be described as “forever” and the state of “absolute rest”.
When an object, such as, a distant star, seem to endure indefinitely at its location, then it is thought to be at rest. Compared to that star, the planets are moving, and compared to the planets, the moons are moving. “Forever” then becomes an unchanging condition in terms of location or otherwise. Compared to it, a changing condition becomes a purveyor of time.
POSTULATE 3C: Passage of time may be described as “change” and the state of “motion”.
A basic change occurs when an object un-manifests at a location and manifests at an adjacent location. Continued changes in locations are interpreted as the movement of that object. When planets in the sky appear to move, they are simply changing their location compared to unmoving stars that form the background. The stars are relatively more fixed at their locations, or have greater endurance. The movement of the planets provides the sense of time passing.
POSTULATE 3D: Time is measured in terms of the duration of a cycle.
A cycle may be divided into smaller and smaller cycles ad infinitum. The duration of a cycle may be measured as a multiple of the duration of a smaller cycle. It can also be measured as a fraction of the duration of a larger cycle. The duration of a cycle acts as a unit of time. Therefore, time, essentially, is the duration of something measured in terms of the duration of a standard cycle.
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THE DIMENSION OF CONSISTENCY (SPACE-ENERGY-MATTER)
POSTULATE # 4A: The universe is an infinite impulse that manifests as space.
COROLLARY: Space is not a void. Space is substantial.
Science sees space as consisting of a mechanism called the Higgs field. The Higgs field converts infinite motion into finite motion and inertia. Inertia is the resistance to motion. No inertia would mean infinite motion. Thus, inertia and finite motion balance each other. This results in constant velocity and momentum. The latter characteristics provide substantiality, which we recognize as SUBSTANCE. The mechanism of Higgs, therefore, generates substance in space. An example of substance is light that exhibits constant velocity and momentum.
POSTULATE # 4B: The substance of the universe appears as electromagnetic radiation in space.
Momentum is the product of inertia and constant velocity. Momentum gives substance an ability to generate impact. The greater is a substance’s impact, the more substantial it is. This substantiality is expressed as consistency (a degree of density, firmness, viscosity, etc.). Variation in consistency generates a spectrum of substance. We are familiar with it as the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. The electromagnetic substance appears as a series of radiation from radio waves to gamma radiation of increasing consistency. This radiation also has the characteristics of volume-space and duration. As consistency increases, the volume-space condenses, and the duration increases. Increase in duration means that the constant velocity decreases. At the upper end of this spectrum we have cathode rays (electrons). Cathode ray have much higher consistency than light. It is much more condensed in space than light. And its duration is much higher as indicated by it velocity that is much less than that of light.
POSTULATE # 4C: Beyond electromagnetic radiation we have the substance of matter.
The electromagnetic radiation flows like a fluid. It has consistency but that consistency is not concentrated in space. When that consistency becomes concentrated in space we have the substance of matter. We call such consistency mass. The center of mass is a property of matter only. It does not exist for electromagnetic radiation. The electron has consistency but it does not have a center of mass. Therefore, electron is a radiation and not a mass particle. The electron is incorrectly referred to as having mass. In fact, electron has inertia and momentum only. So, mass has a specific definition. It is consistency or inertia that is concentrated at points in space. An atom is the result of such concentration. Atoms are characteristic of matter and not of electromagnetic radiation.
POSTULATE # 4D: The atoms are whirlpools that are fixed at their center by mass.
The atom is best understood as a whirlpool of radiation that is condensing toward its center. It is pinned at its center by mass. This mass is called the nucleus of the atom. Thus, an atom has the same whirlpool pattern that we see in galaxies. A galaxy is pinned at its center by a “black hole.” Atoms are oriented randomly in space just like the galaxies are. Since matter has the highest condensation, consistency and inertia, it is seen as curving the space around itself. Because of such curvature, the mass particles, when big and close enough, attract each other. This results in the gravitational force, which is measured as weight of the smaller particle.
NOTE: The whirlpool structure may be formed in electromagnetic radiation but it is not pinned to any mass. It may, therefore, appear and disappear randomly in the flow of radiation giving particle-like impression, such as, of electrons in the cathode ray. But such impressions are limited to discrete interactions between radiation and matter; and such discreteness is not relatively permanent as in the case of atoms in matter.
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THE DIMENSION OF HARMONY (PROPERTIES)
POSTULATE # 5: The infinite impulse manifests as substance, its motion and its properties.
The infinite impulse appears as substance. The most fundamental property of substance is forceful motion or momentum arising from inertia. Force appears whenever there is change in momentum. Energy is the potential or actual manifestation of that change. All these properties are the manifestations of the original impulse. With increasingly complex forms come about increasingly complex properties, such as, animation, reactions, thinking and intelligence. The properties are physical and metaphysical. There appears to be innate impulses animating energy forms. Light propagates with an incredible speed with nothing pushing it. The electrons in an atom revolve around the nucleus on their own. And the Brownian motion of pollen grains makes them come alive. And then there is life. All these properties present a harmony.
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Comments
The earlier version is available here:
https://vinaire.me/2020/04/04/the-postulates-1-5/
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Innate impulse is at the root of the mind, the identity and the individuality.
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Wikipedia says, “In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.”
This is a limited definition. It does not convey the fact that objects are made up of matter, and matter is essentially a condensed form of energy. Energy is not just some property of objects; energy transforms into objects and their properties.
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Wikipedia says, “Energy is a conserved quantity; the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed.”
Energy is the physical fabric of this universe. It changes in form but it is conserved otherwise. In other words, it has always been there. Therefore, the universe is beyond having a beginning or an end.
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Wikipedia says, “Common forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object…”
All objects, such as, the Galaxies, stars systems and planets are moving in space on their own. Physics measures this motion as kinetic energy, but the measurement of this motion of an object is relative to the motion of another object. It is not absolute.
An object of infinite inertia shall have no motion, and an object with no inertia shall have infinite motion. The absolute motion of an object is balanced by its inertia. The higher is the inertia of an object, the lesser is its absolute motion. Light has little inertia and, therefore, its motion (expressed as speed) is very high. Matter has high inertia, and, therefore, its speed is very low. The ratio of the speeds of Sun and Earth is determined by the ratio of their inertia and not by Earth’s “speed” relative to the Sun. Physics has yet to accept this argument.
Push and pull seems to impart motion to objects, but this motion is relative only and not absolute. If we look at the system, which contains push and pull, its motion changes little unless its inertia also changes.
“Relative motion” contributes in good measure to the “illusion” of reality that we encounter.
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Wikipedia says, “Common forms of energy include the… potential energy stored by an object’s position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a fuel burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object’s temperature.”
The interaction of innate impulse with energy produces motion, force and inertia. It is this interaction that creates energy forms. Motion, force and inertia is built in the energy form. The previous post looked into the natural motion of physical objects and how it is balanced by inertia.
Potential energy is stored by an object’s position in a force field when the natural motion of that object is restrained. Elastic energy is stored by stretching solid objects when the object is prevented from assuming its natural form. The chemical energy is released when a fuel burns because the form of the fuel is being altered by a natural process. The radiant energy of light does not manifest itself until it interacts with another energy form. The thermal energy expressed by the temperature of an object is due to the agitation of the atoms in that object.
Thus an energy form exists because of a play between the impulse and energy.
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Wikipedia says, “Mass and energy are closely related. Due to mass–energy equivalence, any object that has mass when stationary (called rest mass) also has an equivalent amount of energy whose form is called rest energy, and any additional energy (of any form) acquired by the object above that rest energy will increase the object’s total mass just as it increases its total energy. For example, after heating an object, its increase in energy could be measured as a small increase in mass, with a sensitive enough scale.”
As inertia increases from EM radiation to electron to atom, their motion in space decreases. we would, therefore, expect a decrease in inertia as motion increases. In material objects, the idea of inertia and mass is interchangeable.
As an object is heated, the vibratory motion of its atoms increases. We would expect the mass of atoms increases with corresponding decrease in inertia. This decrease would be extremely small. The current idea that as an object is heated its mass should increase seems to be erroneous.
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“Expansion of the universe” would mean that its substance is converting from higher to lower density. Maybe more matter is converting to energy, than energy is converting to matter. Overall, the universe is becoming less dense.
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Space-Time really means “space and changes in it”. There is always resistance (inertia) when changes are made. For example, when light travels in space, it encounters resistance in the form of permittivity and permeability of space. This is what limits its speed. So, we are actually dealing with Space-Time-Inertia.
In case of light the inertia may be the square root of the product of permittivity and permeability of space. Therefore, the speed of light is inversely proportional to its inertia in space per Maxwell’s Theory of Electromagnetism.
The impulse of light manifests as its frequency. Each cycle of frequency brings about change, as well as resistance to that change. Inertia, therefore, will increase as frequency increases. Frequency, increases from light to electron to the atom, and so inertia increases too. We would then expect motion to decrease from light to electron to atom, and that is what we find. The mathematical relationship has to be worked out. It would depend on the units used.
Planets move in space due to an inherent impulse. If that impulse is constant for all things in this universe then we may say that the natural motion (in an absolute sense) of any impulse-energy form is inversely proportional to its inertia. Thus, light has very low inertia and its speed is very fast, whereas, matter has very high inertia and its speed is very slow. These speeds must be measured on an absolute scale, and not measure relatively.
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