SCN 8-8008: Always-Never

Reference: The Book of Scientology

Always-Never

Please see the original section at the link above.

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Summary

According to Hubbard:

Objects in the MEST universe give us the illusion of time because they are persisting. This makes us think that, in order to persist ourselves, we need to identify with the MEST universe. But by developing the ability to postulate objects, we can also possess the ability to have an actual forever.

We should, therefore, make the universe agree with ourselves by postulating energy and objects, instead of continually agreeing with the MEST universe. This will assure that we have a great deal of time.

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Comments

Hubbard’s attention is on achieving immortality. He sees identification with the MEST universe to be the barrier, as it gives only an illusion of immortality. His solution is to disagree with the MEST universe, and override it with one’s own postulates.

However, the actual barrier is that we do not understand all the laws of the universe. To discover these laws, we need to resolve the anomalies as we come across them in this universe. 

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July 13, 2019 – 8:24 PM Categories: Scientology | Post a comment

More on Substance

SUBSTANCE is the most basic concept that physics builds itself from. The following statement supports this assertion.

Most scientists associate the word “substance” with matter. They think of field as a “mathematical object” without any substance. Similarly, they look at space, time and energy also as mathematical objects that are devoid of substance and reality.

The above statement expands the concepts of matter, energy, space and time in light of the concept of “field as substance”, as was held by Faraday.

Most physicist may disagree with the above because it delves into the philosophy of science. I know, however, that Descartes would have agreed with me.

The most basic concept would naturally be the widest or the broadest concept. This is case with the concept of substance.

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Is the word “substance” too vague?

Some are asking for the word “substance” to be defined. But if they read the above carefully they will see that it is precisely defined. A substance has substantiality. Substantiality is recognized by innate force of substance that appears as a reaction to being pushed. Both matter and field have this property.

Light is not a disturbance in some theorized aether. Light is a substance on its own right. It is its own “medium”. It has density. Light is called “energy” because it is a very fast moving substance. Its wave property comes from its motion.

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What is a particle?

The word “particle”, as used in physics, has been very confusing. We are familiar with a particle of matter because it has a center of mass. Electrons are not particles of matter because they do not have a center of mass. An electron is a “particle of field” that has a density much less than that of mass. It does not have a center of mass because it is not structured like the nucleus of the atom; instead it sloshes around within the atom, or away from atom.

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Is field just a mathematical object?

My idea of field is in the same sense as how Faraday first described it. Faraday’s field that was made up of lines of force, was not a mathematical object. It was real. It defined light and electromagnetic radiation. Maxwell made it mathematical, when he treated it as a disturbance in a hypothetical substance called aether.

However, there is no such substance as aether. Light and EM radiation are substances in themselves, and not disturbances in some other medium. As substances, light and EM radiation have actual densities. The energy of a wave disturbance is defined by its intensity, but the energy of a substance moving as a wave is defined by its density. That is the famous discovery of light quanta by Einstein, which is evident from the photoelectric effect. The energy of light quanta is tied to its “frequency” that actually expresses its density.

It is a matter of how you interpret the physics beyond mathematics. Physics has become too mathematical because it lacks proper interpretation.

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Was there no substance in the beginning?

Most people seem to associate substance with matter. It is true that in the beginning there was no matter, but there was substance in the form of field. Here I do not mean “field as a mathematical object”. By field I mean “force field” as defined by Faraday. Please see above.

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Is everything just energy?

I see energy as substance in motion. You cannot have energy without motion, and you cannot have motion without substance or force. In the final analysis, we perceive substance because of its force, or resistance to force.

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Important references from Faraday

I consider the following references from Faraday to be very important and appropriate.

Faraday: Electrical Conduction & Nature of Matter

Faraday: Thoughts on Ray Vibrations

Faraday: On the Conservation of Force

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July 13, 2019 – 6:31 AM Categories: Physics Book | Post a comment

Matter and Substance

There are atomic and non-atomic substances (see Emptiness, Void and Space). Matter is atomic substance. Light is a non-atomic substance.

Matter puts resistance to being pushed. That is how matter is detected. If there is no resistance, we can neither push matter nor detect it. Therefore, matter is defined by its resistance to push. Newton defined this property as innate force of matter, or “inertia”. The property of inertia makes matter substantial. That is why matter is also called “substance”.

We can detect light through our sense of vision. Light, therefore, is substantial because it interacts with our eyes. Its innate force, however, is very small compared to the inertia of matter.

Matter is atomic substance. Light is a non-atomic substance.

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Mass and Energy

Matter has mass, but light is considered to have no mass. Science looks at light as radiant energy.

Matter has mass because it has an atomic structure with a nucleus. This structure greatly adds to the innate force of matter because of its rigidity. Therefore, mass is associated with matter and its inertia. Light has no mass because it has no rigid structure. It radiates out like a wave with a wavelength. It has kinetic energy.

Newtonian concepts of momentum and energy are defined for matter using mass in the mathematical equations. Momentum refers to the amount of motion there is, such as, in a moving log. Energy is the work done in stopping that moving log. When two billiard balls collide, their motion changes, and work is done in changing that motion. Change in momentum and energy are manifested only when there is force acting through contact.

Momentum and energy exist for light too. Since light has no mass, mathematics assumes some substance (innate force) for light without expressing it. That substance may be estimated for light from Einstein’s equation, E = mc2.

Light is an extremely fast moving, unstructured, wave-like substance.

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Substance and Density

The density of matter depends on how densely the atoms are packed within a body. But even then, this density is averaged over the atom in which the heavy nucleus exists as a tiny speck.

The highest density of substance exists in the nucleus of an atom. The density decreases sharply farther away from the nucleus in the electronic region. The electron is 1840 times lighter than a neutron, and its volume is much larger. A photon is still much lighter, and greater in volume compared to the electron.

One may say that “pure substance” is becoming “diluted” from neutron/proton to electron to photon, and its density is decreasing. The density of photon may be estimated by its wavelength.

Light as a substance has minimum density.

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Past Views of Light

In Newton’s time, the recognized substance was matter. He saw light as made up of particles (corpuscular theory) but these particles did not follow the laws of mechanics like matter particles did. Therefore, he did not associate inertia or innate force with them.

Einstein also viewed light to be made up of particles, which he called light quanta. He implied these particles to be packets of energy that had discrete existence in space. These particles carried enough momentum to expel electrons from the surface of certain metals. Still Einstein did not call out light as a substance with density and innate force.

In the past light has not been viewed as a dynamic substance with density and innate force.

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July 3, 2019 – 11:25 AM Categories: Physics Book | Post a comment

Emptiness, Void and Space

In the East, void is defined as “emptiness”, which is the absence of all phenomena. In the West, however, “void” seems to be related primarily to the absence of physical phenomenon.

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Emptiness

From the Eastern viewpoint, emptiness is the absence of all phenomena, whether real or imagined. This includes phenomena, such as, birth, death, being, non-being, increasing, decreasing, purity and defilement. These concepts apply to both physical and metaphysical phenomena.

The viewpoint of emptiness is just that. It is totally fresh. It is completely clean. There are no preconceived notions, no fixed ideas, no bias, etc. In short, the concept of emptiness is not viewed through any filters. It is simply what it is.

From a scientific viewpoint, this is the ultimate reference point from which all physical and metaphysical phenomena is perceived objectively. Emptiness has that property of being inherently understood because it denotes the absence of all phenomena. From this reference point it is possible to give an objective meaning to any phenomena. Emptiness is like the zero of a scale of phenomena. Emptiness itself is not a phenomenon, just like zero is not a value.

Emptiness is the ultimate reference point from which all phenomena can be understood objectively without any preconceived notion.

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Void and Space

When astronomers look up at the heavens, they are basically considering physical phenomenon. They regard those regions of heaven as void where they cannot detect any physical phenomenon. Therefore, void is a narrow version of emptiness.

Physics is basically concerned with void and the physical phenomenon. The definition of physical phenomena extends to describing all physical aspects of the universe, such as, matter, energy, space and time. The physical phenomena, however, seem to center around the concept of matter.

Space is defined as absence of matter, where matter is thought of as made of solid atoms. The atom, however, is not completely solid. It is said to be over 99.99% space with a speck of solid nucleus in the center. But that space in atom consists of electronic, electromagnetic and force fields. We may categorize these fields as non-atomic substances.

Space, as vacuum, may be free of atomic substance, but it is certainly not free of non-atomic fields. In general,

Space and fields are not differentiated from each other.

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July 1, 2019 – 12:50 PM Categories: Physics Book | Post a comment

SCN 8-8008: Everyone-Nobody

Reference: The Book of Scientology

Everyone-Nobody

Please see the original section at the link above.

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Summary

A person is basically “an awareness without fixation.” There is his own identity that he is controlling. There are other identities around him that he is not controlling, but he is in communication with them.

Hubbard says, “At the top of the scale, while still retaining his own identity, he can be anyone’s identity.” 

When a person is at the top of the tone scale, he is not fixated either on his identity or on the identities of others. There is just one continuous, consistent and harmonious awareness that is totally free. It may identify in passing with different postulates, and that produces different identities. But that identification is not permanent, and the awareness can just as easily unidentify itself. There are no distinct permanent identities, such as, thetans as assumed in Scientology.

Hubbard says, “At the bottom end of the scale, the preclear is making the mistake of considering the “somebodies” around him as MEST.”

The identifications start to become more enduring as the tone scale is descended. This may be seen as increasing fixation. When the person is at the bottom of the tone scale, he is heavily fixated on an identity and believes that identity to be permanent; for example, the identity as a thetan. The awareness is seen as distributed among different identities. Identities has now become very prominent, discrete.and separately controlled. The person believes others around him to be fixated on their identities just like he is. He gets very confused if another identity suddenly changes radically in its characteristics.

Hubbard says, “When an individual is low on the tone-scale, he easily does a life continuum for others.” Hubbard defines life continuum as “somebody fails, departs or dies and the individual then takes on the burden of this person’s habits, goals, fears, and idiosyncrasies.”

Low on the tone-scale, a person is fixated on an identity, which he calls “I”. In this condition he unknowingly assumes the characteristics of another identity that he has become attached to, especially when the other identity has departed. This is also called being in the valence of another. It is basically a fixation. The greater is the fixation, the lesser is the freedom.

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FINAL COMMENTS


Hubbard says that being everybody can be conceived at both ends of the tone-scale. But it basically boils down to assuming certain characteristics—lightly or heavily—that are also manifested elsewhere. The key aberration is fixation and it has numerous manifestations. Hubbard is trying to explain this fixation in terms of theta and MEST.

A person high on the tone scale is aware of the similarities and differences between him and others around him. He can sense that their thoughts, emotions and feelings are very much like his own in their basic characteristics. He finds that he is like everyone as he understands the desires and pains of others.

A person low on the tone scale is mostly unaware, and has little power of choice. He mostly reacts like those his attention is unconsciously fixated on. He is nobody.

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June 27, 2019 – 11:06 AM Categories: Scientology | Post a comment