Author Archives: vinaire

I am originally from India. I am settled in United States since 1969. I love mathematics, philosophy and clarity in thinking.

MN 106 Anenjasappaya Sutta

Reference: Exploring the Words of the Buddha

This is a reformatted Sutta with comments (in color). Here is the original translation of this Sutta: The Way to the Imperturbable.

The Blessed One said:

(1) “Sensual pleasures are impermanent, hollow, false, deceptive; they are illusory, the prattle of fools.
(2) “Sensual pleasures here and now and sensual pleasures in lives to come, 
(3) “Sensual perceptions here and now and sensual perceptions in lives to come – 
(4) “Both alike are Mara’s realm, Mara’s domain, Mara’s bait, Mara’s hunting ground.
(5) “On account of them, these evil unwholesome mental states such as covetousness, ill will, and presumption arise, 
(6) “And they constitute an obstruction to a noble disciple in training here.”

.

(THE IMPERTURBABLE)

“A noble disciple considers thus:
… [Steps 1 – 6 above]
(7) ‘Suppose I were to abide with a mind abundant and exalted, 
(8) ‘Having transcended the world  and made a firm resolution with the mind.
(9) ‘When I do so, there will be no more evil unwholesome mental states such as covetousness, ill will, and presumption in me, 
(10) ‘And with the abandoning of them my mind will be unlimited, immeasurable, and well developed.
(11) When he practices in this way and frequently abides thus, his mind acquires confidence in this base.
(12) Once there is full confidence, he either attains to the imperturbable now or else he decides upon perfecting wisdom.
(13) On the dissolution of the body, after death, it is possible that his consciousness may pass on to the imperturbable.
(14) This, bhikkhus, is declared to be the first way directed to the imperturbable.”

(Alternate method)

“A noble disciple considers thus:
… [Steps 2 – 3]
(15) Whatever material form [there is], all material form is the four great elements,
(16) ‘And the material form derived from the four great elements.’
… [Steps 11 – 13]
(17) This, bhikkhus, is declared to be the second way directed to the imperturbable.”

(Alternate method)

“A noble disciple considers thus:
… [Steps 2 – 3]
(18) ‘Material forms here and now and material forms in lives to come, 
(19) ‘Perceptions of forms here and now and perceptions of forms in lives to come
(20) ‘Both alike are impermanent.
(21) ‘What is impermanent is not worth delighting in, not worth welcoming, not worth holding to.’
… [Steps 11 – 13]
(22) This, bhikkhus, is declared to be the third way directed to the imperturbable.”

.

(THE BASE OF NOTHINGNESS)

“A noble disciple considers thus:
… [Steps 2, 3, 18 and 19]
(23) ‘And perceptions of the imperturbable – all are perceptions.
(24) ‘Where these perceptions cease without remainder,
(25) ’That is the peaceful, that is the sublime, namely, the base of nothingness.’
(26) When he practices in this way and frequently abides thus, his mind acquires confidence in this base.
(27) Once there is full confidence, he either attains to the base of nothingness now or else he decides upon perfecting wisdom.
(28) On the dissolution of the body, after death, it is possible that his consciousness may pass on to the base of nothingness.
(29) This, bhikkhus, is declared to be the first way directed to the base of nothingness.”

(Alternate method)

“A noble disciple considers  thus: 
(30) ‘This is void of a self or of what belongs to a self.’
… [Steps 26 – 28]
(31) This, bhikkhus, is declared to be the second way directed to the base of nothingness.”

(Alternate method)

“A noble disciple considers  thus: 
(32) ‘I am not anything belonging to anyone anywhere,
(33) ‘Nor is there anything belonging to me in anyone anywhere.’
… [Steps 26 – 28]
(34) This, bhikkhus, is declared to be the third way directed to the base of nothingness.”

.

(THE BASE OF NEITHER-PERCEPTION-NOR-NON-PERCEPTION)

“A noble disciple considers thus:
… [Steps 2, 3, 18 and 19]
(35) ‘Perceptions of the imperturbable, and perceptions of the base of nothingness – all are perceptions. 
(36) ‘Where these perceptions cease without remainder, that is the peaceful, that is the sublime, 
(37) ‘Namely, the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception.’ 
(38) When he practices in this way and frequently abides thus, his mind acquires confidence in this base.
(39) Once there is full confidence, he either attains to the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception now or else he decides upon perfecting wisdom.
(40) On the dissolution of the body, after death, it is possible that his consciousness may pass on to the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception.
(41) This, bhikkhus, is declared to be the way directed to the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception.”

.

(NIBBANA)

The venerable Ananda said to the Blessed One: ”Venerable sir, 
(42) Here a bhikkhu is practicing thus: 
(43) ‘If it were not, it would not be mine; it will not be and it will not be mine. 
(44) ‘What exists, what has come to be, that I am abandoning.’
(45) Thus he obtains equanimity. 
(46) Venerable sir, does such a bhikkhu attain Nibbana?” 

The Blessed One said:
(47) “One bhikkhu here, Ananda, might attain Nibbana, 
(48) Another bhikkhu here might not attain Nibbana.” 

The venerable Ananda:
(49) “What is the cause and reason, venerable sir, 
(50) Why one bhikkhu here might attain Nibbana, 
(51) While another bhikkhu here might not attain Nibbana?” 

The Blessed One:
“Here, Ananda, 
… [Steps 42 – 45]
(52) He delights in that equanimity, welcomes it, and remains holding to it. 
(53) As he does so, his consciousness becomes dependent on it and clings to it. 
(54) A bhikkhu, Ananda, who is affected by clinging does not attain Nibbana.” 

The venerable Ananda:
(55) “But, venerable sir, when that bhikkhu clings, what does he cling to?” 

The Blessed One:
(56) “To the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, Ananda.” 

The venerable Ananda:
(57) “When that bhikkhu clings, venerable sir, it seems he clings to the best [object of] clinging.”

The Blessed One:
(58) When that bhikkhu clings, Ananda, he clings to the best [object of] clinging; 
(59) For this is the best [object of] clinging, namely, the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception.
(60) Here, Ananda, a bhikkhu is practising thus:
… [Steps 42 – 45] 
(61) “He does not delight in that equanimity, welcome it, or remain holding to it. 
(62) Since he does not do so, his consciousness does not become dependent on it and does not cling to it. 
(63) A bhikkhu, Ananda, who is without clinging attains Nibbana.” 

The venerable Ananda:
(64) “It is wonderful, venerable sir, it is marvellous! 
(65) The Blessed One, indeed, has explained to us the crossing of the flood in dependence upon one support or another.
(66) But, venerable sir, what is noble liberation?”

The Blessed One:
(67) “Here, Ananda, a noble disciple considers thus: 
… [Steps 2, 3, 18, 19 and 35]
(68) And perceptions of the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception – 
(69) This is personality as far as personality extends.
(70) This is the Deathless, namely, the liberation of the mind through not clinging.
(71) Thus, Ananda, I have taught the way directed to the imperturbable, 
(72) I have taught the way directed to the base of nothingness, 
(73) I have taught the way directed to the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, 
(74) I have taught the crossing of the flood in dependence upon one support or another, 
(75) I have taught noble liberation what should be done for his disciples out of compassion by a teacher
(76) Who seeks their welfare and has compassion for them, that I have done for you, Ananda. 
(77) There are these roots of trees, these empty huts. Meditate, Ananda, 
(78) Do not delay, or else you will regret it later. 
(79) This is our instruction to you.”

That is what the Blessed One said. The venerable Ananda was satisfied and delighted in the Blessed One’s words.

.

The Ideal Education

Reference: Education: TED Talks

The is a wonderful video in which two of my favorite gurus are talking about education. Their talk makes a clear distinction between intellect and intelligence. Intellect depends on information and accumulated memory; whereas, intelligence is inherent to the person as the ability to look and comprehend what is there.

.

The Ultimate Reality (old-2)

Reference: Postulate Mechanics

The Vedic formula to understand the ultimate reality is ‘neti, neti’ (not this, not that).  Once one has the correct understanding of the ultimate reality one can make an effort to reach it.

In 5th century BCE, Buddha applied this formula and realized that ’neti,neti’ negates anything knowable, or anything that one can be aware of. This makes the ultimate reality ‘unknowable.’ You cannot talk about it because you don’t know what it is. 

Buddha referred to this understanding of ultimate reality as śūnyatā (“emptiness”). Thus, in Buddhism, liberation (nirvana) is the realization of emptiness—not clinging to any essence, eternal self, or absolute ground.

Buddha’s doctrine spread all over the world, but, within India itself, it got absorbed in Hinduism. 

In 8th venture CE, Adi Shankara used ‘neti, neti’ to popularize ultimate reality as BRAHMAN, the single, eternal, unchanging, non-dual consciousness—described as pure existence, consciousness, and bliss (“sat-cit-ananda”). It was different from the concept of śūnyatā (“emptiness”) of Buddha because Brahman was an identity. Thus, in Hinduism, liberation (moksha)  became realizing one’s identity as Brahman, dispelling the illusion of separation and duality. 

So, in Hinduism, a sense of identity was retained upon moksha. But, in Buddhism, no sense of identity was retained upon nirvana, Even the very self was extinguished.

When we compare the notion of ultimate reality of Buddha to that of Adi Shankara, we find that Buddha’s processing of ‘neti, neti’ goes farther and deeper than that of Adi Shankara.

Adi Shankara’s concept of ultimate reality is knowable as an eternal, unchanging identity; whereas, Buddha’s concept of the ultimate reality is Unknowable as per ‘neti, neti’ (not this, not that). 

.

The Problem with Spirituality

Reference: Postulate Mechanics

The problem with spirituality in India is that Bhakti has claimed the whole field of spirituality and Karma and Jnana have not been emphasized as being part of spirituality for a long time—for centuries actually.

I am not saying that Bhakti Yoga is not important. Its importance is that it is very simple and so it acts as the entrance point on the path of spirituality, but it is not the end all. 

Bhakti Yoga is how you spread spirituaity at the grassroots level. In that, it has done a wonderful job. But then it must be followed by Karma Yoga and Jnana Yoga to attain Moksha.

Buddhism was the only major attempt to popularize Jnana Yoga, but then it fell by the wayside in India. That has been very unfortunate.

The next attempt was Karma Yoga to accelerate the acquisition of Jnana through action. This is the entire theme of the Bhagavad Gita. Unfortunately, that fell by the wayside in India as well.

Jnana Yoga is very much misunderstood. It is thought to be something limited to the mind. But Jnana Yoga deals with Māyā (postulates), and mind itself is a postulate. So when we are talking about Jnana Yoga, we are looking at something very deep that is extended from Nirākār Brahman (the Unknowable). 

Jnana Yoga is not limited to the mind. It goes much deeper. The acquisition of Jnana is accelerated through Karma Yoga.

Most of the current gurus have value only at the grassroots level of Bhakti Yoga. Now we need to raise the level of spirituality from Bhakti to Karma and Jnana.

.

A Short Guide to Subject Clearing

Reference: The Book of Subject Clearing

In Subject Clearing a person meditates on the concepts that make up a subject in an orderly manner aiming to understand its fundamentals first.

Before you can successfully engage in subject clearing, you must acquire the following discipline,

  1. Study the Basic Study Manual (BSM) and be able to apply its principles.
  2. Study Be There and Confront, and be able to apply its principles.
  3. Complete the 12 drills provided in The 12 Aspects of Mindfulness.
  4. If the attention is introverted, do the exercises in Handling Introversion.

.

Subject Clearing Steps

Step A: Understand what the word SUBJECT means in Subject Clearing. Please see Understanding Subjects.

Step B: Make list of all the subjects that are crowding your mind; clear up the subject titles; and arrange them from most relevant to the least. Please see Listing Subjects.

Step C: Select the subject at the top of this list and clear it up. See Clearing a Subject.

Step D: For Subject Clearing of your Life, please see Handling Personal Life.

For details, please go to The Book of Subject Clearing.

.