Reference: What is Awareness, Scientifically?
In my opinion, the Theory of Relativity treats the “observer” as a human whose awareness is limited by the speed of light. The sense of time for this observer comes from watching the Sun move across the sky at a constant rate. From this sense he then perceives the rates of other changes in the universe.
The observer’s sense of rest comes from his motion relative to earth. That sense characterizes his frame of reference, which he then uses to estimate the rest mass of objects. In short, the concept of the frame of reference in the theory of relativity is tied to the characteristics of human awareness.
The Theory of Relativity is limited by a human-centric notion of awareness.
An observer is basically awareness. Awareness in reality is much broader than the limited notion of human awareness. In order to define awareness scientifically, let’s do the following thought experiment. Imagine being out there in the interstellar space, but with no stars or heavenly bodies around to provide any reference points. Pay attention to your motion.
You could be standing still or you could be moving at the speed of light. But you will find that there is no awareness of motion as long as it is uniform. Awareness arises only when there is a change in motion that causes acceleration, and which immediately gives rise to inertial resistance.
Light that brings about awareness of other objects is made up of changing electrical and magnetic fields. Such changes are accompanied by inertial resistance as permittivity and permeability. Objects of awareness also consist of changing motion and accompanying inertia at atomic and molecular levels.
There are structures in the brain like visual cortex that are used to explain awareness. But the brain too is made up of neurons, electrical impulses, etc. that consists of changes in motion and inertial forces. So there is motion outside as well as inside the brain. Science is simply associating the motion inside the brain with awareness.
Thus awareness cannot be separated from inertial forces that are inherent to all phenomena. Human awareness is an instance of this. But, objectively, awareness, as inertial force, is present in all phenomena. It need not be defined in human terms.
Appearance of awareness of the characteristics of a phenomenon forms scientific observation. This is tied to the appearance of inertial forces. Every aspect of this universe is changing, and giving rise to inertial forces at all times. This is awareness, which is inherent to the universe. Both observer and observed are part of reality. There is no separate observer as such.
Science has been observing the universe from the viewpoint of the universe.
In this “frame of reference” the scientific observer is simultaneously aware of the whole universe. This awareness is not limited by the speed of light. The Scientific Observer can observe light creeping among stars. He can see earth rotating. He can see motion at all different scales.
Once we understand this universal “frame of reference” of the Scientific Observer, no other frame of reference is needed to explain things. In this frame of reference inherent uniform motion of an object is determined by its inertia. The uniform motion is restored whenever it is deviated from.
Though all aspects of the universe are continually changing, its overall energy and momentum are apparently constant. This condition “no change” means that the universe as a whole has infinite inertia and persistence. Since there is nothing beside the universe, the velocity of the universe may be assumed to be zero.
The scientific observer is inherently static and has infinite persistence like the universe.
The scientific observer derives its sense of motion and time from the frame of reference of the universe as a whole.
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The following is all speculation based on free association that watches for inconsistencies creeping in. This free association shall continue.
Inertia follows a disturbance. The disturbance manifests as electrical and magnetic fields.
Magnetic field comes about to resist change in electrical field. Electrical field comes about to resist change in magnetic field.
This causes the back and forth oscillation of electrical and magnetic fields. This rate controlled by permeability and permittivity.
Electrical field, magnetic fields, permeability and permittivity are all manifestations of inertia.
This disturbance causes its own inertia, and it is shaped by that inertia. It spreads out from its point of origin.
We do not know at this point what starts this disturbance. An oscillating charge does produce this disturbance, but a charge is an alternate form of this disturbance.
The disturbance propagates at a rate determined by its inertia. We are familiar with this rate as the speed of light.
The resistance to propagation shortens its range but this is compensated by increase in frequency.
Undisturbed, the range is infinite and the frequency and inertia are zero. No propagation of anything.
Disturbed, the range decreases, and the frequency and inertia increase. There is a propagation of disturbance. The rate of propagation is near infinite in the beginning, when there is hardly any frequency and inertia, but it decreases slowly as frequency and inertia increase.
The rate of propagation seems to be in an inverse relationship with frequency and inertia.
c = a / f^b
Where,
c is the rate of propagation,
f is the frequency,
a and b are positive constants.
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From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markarian_501
“In these flares the higher energy gamma rays (of 1.2 Tev) were delayed 4 minutes over the 0.25 TeV gamma rays.”
Calculations from these numbers show that when the disturbance level of gamma rays increases from 85.63 to 87.96, the velocity of light decreases only by 6.5 x 10^-6 m/s. This is negligible.
So the velocity of light is pretty much constant.
But something happens to the propagation of light that it converges into an atom. At that moment some transition seems to occur in inertia. Instead of propagating forward, the electromagnetic disturbance converges upon itself. As a result, the speed of light suddenly reduces in a very short distance, and all its energy condenses into mass. It is almost like crystallization.
The equation, c = a / f^b, may be significant within an atom. Here the constant b shall be significant.
Looking at very high energy gamma rays (DL > 85), they are likely to crystallize into atoms with DL reducing to 66.7 (that of an electron) at the surface of a hydrogen atom, and condensing to 77.6 and more at the nucleus.
See https://vinaire.me/2015/02/28/the-electron/#comment-61420
It is possible that hydrogen atoms “crystallize” from ultra-high frequency gamma radiation. This phenomenon needs to be looked for.
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A scientific observer should be able to zoom in and out of the universe in thought experiements.
He should be able to imagine light creeping forward from star to star.
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Life is basically a fractal.
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Inertia provides a universal frame of reference.
~ INERTIA: A Summary
Once we understand this frame of reference, no other frame shall be needed. In this frame of reference the scientific observer is simultaneously awareness of the universe at any instant. His awareness is not limited by the speed of light. In fact the scientific observer can observe light creeping from star to star. He can see earth rotating. He can see motion at all different scales.
The scientific observer is aware that nothing in this universe is at absolute rest. One may assume that the universe as a whole is at rest. But nothing, individually, in this universe is at rest. Everything is moving relatively to everything else.
The scientific observer is aware that the velocity of light in space is limited by its inertia (permittivty and permeability). . The higher is the inertia, the lower is the limiting speed of any object in space. A mathematical relationship between inertia and this limiting speed needs to be worked out.
In this Universal Frame of reference inertia of a body shall influence the inertia of other bodies through its field of gravity. Gravity shall be the natural outcome of inertia. From this universal frame of reference and the concept of inertia, all the conclusions of the Theory of Relativity shall become possible.
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REST MASS
From http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae161.cfm
One of the consequences of Einstein’s special theory of relativity (1905) is that the mass of an object increases with its velocity relative to the observer. When an object is at rest (relative to the observer), it has the usual (inertial = tendency to resist an applied force) mass that we are all familiar with. This is called the ‘rest mass’ of the object.
As the speed of the object is increased, the inertial mass of the object also increases. For speeds significantly less than the speed of light, the increase in mass is nearly imperceptible, but as the speed of light is approached, the mass starts to increase very rapidly toward infinity. Theoretically, the mass would become infinite if the object could be accelerated all the way to the speed of light. However, because the acceleration of an object in response to a given force is inversely proportional to its inertial mass, as the speed of light is approached the force required actually to reach the speed of light also becomes infinite. Therefore, it is impossible actually to accelerate an object with non-zero rest mass to the speed of light.
Another way of expressing the fact that a massive object cannot be accelerated to the speed of light is through the concept of energy. That is, an infinite amount of energy would have to be expended, via the accelerating force, to reach the speed of light.
So, quite simply, the ‘rest mass’ of an object is the inertial mass that an object has when it is at rest.
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The above definition of REST MASS is not definitive because the definition of “rest” is not definitive. The following is a possible scenario.
In the Universal Frame of Reference based on inertia, the rest mass of an object shall be the mass of the object when it is moving at uniform speed under its own inertia.
When external force is applied resulting in the acceleration of the object, the inertia reduces during the acceleration phase. One may even say that part of inerta gets converted into acceleration. When the acceleration stops, the original inertia is restored.
There may be such as law as “conservation of inertia.”
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I received the following message from somebody on Quora.com:
“Hello, I wanted to compliment you on your blogpost on a Scientific Observer. I thought you described how one person does not change the state of the entire universe, by simply watching it very well. My friend is intrenched in deepak chopras mind body conciousness ideology and this post was refreshing, to hear that I am not the crazy one lol.”
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From the viewpoint of the scientific observer space and time become a function of inertia.
Infinite inertia, as in the case of a black hole, shall mean that space has become “a point,” and time has become “no change.”
No inertia is hard to describe. It seems to be a field of “infinite spread,” like the space itself, and time has become “no fixation,” and change is occurring all over the place.
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I have updated the OP to define the scientific observer exclusively. Another essay shall cover the explanation of inertia and rest mass from the frame of reference of the scientific observer
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