Physics & Objectivity

In Chapter 1: Objective & Subjective Reality the criterion for objectivity was defined as the consistency among all perceptions. Einstein’s stated this principle in mathematical terms as follows.

Natural laws must be covariant with respect to arbitrary continuous transformations of the co-ordinates.

We start in this book with the following postulate.

The UNIVERSE is a single system that is intrinsically continuous, harmonious and consistent.

Any perceived discontinuity among objects, disharmony among relatinships, or inconsistency among concepts hides some truth to be discovered.

Newton came up with fundamental concepts, such as, mass, force, inertia, and energy that applied to the macroscopic domain of matter. These concepts underwent drastic revision and expansion as the microscopic domain of field and quanta was discovered. New observations required the revision of even the concepts of space and time.

The science of physics thus examines all physical phenomena and comes up with a description that is consistent. As observations are refined through experimentation, hypotheses develop into theories, and theories lead to principles. This development follows a continual reduction of known and discovered inconsistencies.

The science of Physics uses the criterion of logical and mathematical consistency to investigate and build upon the objective reality of the universe.

Logic deals with consistency of real observations. Mathematics uses abstraction to further refine logical consistency. When mathematical results cannot be translated back into a consistent logic then mathematics itself has become inconsistent due to its assumptions and approximations.

When mathematical results are inconsistent with logic then mathematics has employed assumptions that are not consistent with reality.

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July 22, 2019 – 7:28 AM Categories: Physics Book | Post a comment

Nucleus, Electrons and Light

As shown in Chapter 3: Matter and Substantiality, both matter and light are substantial. Matter, however, is considered to have mass, but light is not. Matter has solidity and density, but light does not.

The fundamental difference between matter and light is that matter consists of atoms, and light does not. Atoms were at first depicted as solid globules, but now they are determined to be 99.99% space, with a speck of a solid nucleus at the center. The atomic space, however, is filled with electrons whose mass density is 1/1840th of the mass density of the nucleus.

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The Nucleus

The nucleus is like a material particle that is solid and rigid, and has a center of mass. It is surrounded by electrons that do not have a center of mass. Electrons are depicted as having a probabilistic distribution in a very large volume compared to the volume of the nucleus.

This is mathematical, of course, but it tells us that electrons are thin in terms of mass, and are spread out in a large volume. They lack a rigid structure like the nucleus. We may conclude:

The substance (mass) is not rigid, solid, and concentrated except in the nucleus. It is ephemeral, flexible and sparse in electrons and elsewhere.

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The Electron

A proton or a neutron is like a mass contained in an point-like volume. If that volume is blown up 1840 times, the mass density in that volume shall also thin out 1840 times. This shall roughly be the volume and mass density of an electron.

Electrons have neither solidity nor structure, and they move rapidly making its thin mass slosh like a fluid. That is why they do not have a center of mass. This gives electron a wave-like characteristic. The electrons are discrete in terms of energy interactions because they have mass density, but in space, they seem to form a fluid-like continuum. This explains the results from the double-slit phenomenon.

Electrons are not particles that behave as waves in some medium. They are a dense fluid-like substance with a wave-like sloshing motion.

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Light

Light is an electromagnetic (EM) radiation. It has much larger spread in space compared even to the electrons. Therefore, it has much smaller mass density. The sloshing speed of photons of light is much greater. Without mass there shall neither be wave-like motion, nor discrete energy interactions. This logical view is different from what is generally assumed in science.

This is the real explanation of why the quantum of electron (and, more so, the quantum of light) cannot be pin pointed in space. Only particles with center of mass may be pinpointed. This explains the reality underlying Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

Light is very low density and extremely fast moving fluid-like sloshing substance.  Its momentum and energy comes from its mass density and velocity.

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Summary

Matter is an atomic substance. The density of matter depends on how densely the atoms are packed. But even then, this density is averaged over the atom in which the heavy nucleus exists only as a tiny speck. The highest density of substance exists in the nucleus of an atom. The rigid structure of matter gives it a center of mass

Electrons and the electromagnetic radiation (light) are non-atomic substances. There is a very sharply declining density gradient from nucleus to the surrounding electrons. The density decreases farther away from the nucleus in the electronic region. Photons surrounding the electronic region of atoms have still lesser mass density and greater volume. One may say that mass is becoming increasingly thinner from neutron/proton to electron to photon. The mass density of photon may be estimated from its wavelength.

The mass becomes more fluid-like as it thins and spreads out in greater volume. At the same time, it increases in its dynamic characteristic and gains wave-like properties.

Matter and light are substances with mass density. The mass density gives them particle-like properties.

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July 21, 2019 – 5:53 PM Categories: Physics Book | Post a comment

The Logic of Substance

As shown in the paper, The Logic of Reality, conflating energy with substance has caused much confusion about reality. The starting point of reality has always been substance. Of course, matter is substance, but light is no less a substance. It impacts our senses the same way that matter does.

This is, however, contrary to the current scientific view, which is based on quantum reality. The quantum reality assumes that light has no substance (mass).

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Substantiality and Mass

As explained in Void and Space, we contrast the physical phenomena from the background void by its impact on our senses. The essence of that impact is FORCE. That force is also felt when we try to push something. By the magnitude of that force we know how substantial a physical phenomenon is.

Newton characterized this substantiality as the innate force of MATTER. He named it INERTIA. Inertia appears as resistance when external force is applied to a material object. The object moves under the influence of the applied force while resisting it. This inertial resistance is there even when there is no friction.  Try pushing a heavy iron ball that is suspended from the ceiling.

Under the influence of externally applied force the motion of the object increases. To increase the rate of motion the applied force must be increased proportionally. Increase in force is also necessary to compensate for increase in substantiality of the object. This substantiality is measured as MASS. The concepts of mass and inertia are crucial to the understanding of matter.

Matter is understood in terms of mass (substantiality) and inertia (internal resistance).

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Substantiality of Light

Matter is the starting concept in physics because of its substantiality. That is why it is called substance. A substance is recognized because of its impact on our senses. Matter has impact on our senses in terms of inertia. The substantiality of matter is measured in terms of mass.

Light also has impact on our senses, therefore, it is substantial. Newton did recognize light as a substance by advancing a corpuscular theory, but that got overridden by a wave theory, which looked at light as a disturbance in a hypothetical medium called aether. This characterized light as “energy”. Thus, light was defined as the energy of a substance called aether.

When Einstein discovered light quanta, he essentially restored the substantial nature of light. There was no esoteric medium called aether. Light was an ephemeral substance that moved like a wave. But Einstein retained the idea of light quanta as a “packet of energy” based on the wave theory. This implied that “energy” was a kind of substance. This was a departure from Newtonian idea of energy, which required the notion of substance (or mass) as a prerequisite.

The substantiality of light is defined in terms of energy and not mass.

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Mass and Energy

Currently, Science does not recognize light as a substance, but considers it to be “pure energy”. As conceived originally, energy relates to motion, or tension, of substance (mass). It is inconsistent to conceive of “pure motion, tension or energy”, without substance (mass).

Einstein should have conceived of light is an extremely fast moving substance. Just because one can measure the energy of light, but not mass, does not mean that light has no mass.

Einstein’s assumption that light has no mass is a valid approximation only because the mass of light is infinitesimal compared to the mass of matter. This can be seen from calculating the mass of light by Einstein’s famous equation, E = mc2.

Disregard of the logic of substance (mass) has created confusion between the concepts of mass and energy at quantum levels. This brings confusion to the very concept of substantiality.

By stating that light is energy with no mass, Einstein characterized energy as substance (mass). This is confusing to say the least.

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July 21, 2019 – 7:55 AM Categories: Physics Book | Post a comment

Void and Space

We find the concept of VOID flanked by the concepts of EMPTINESS and SPACE.

Generally, we look at SPACE as “absence of matter”. For example, we look around the room and see space among material objects.

We look at VOID as “absence of physical phenomena”. For example, when we look at the heaven we think of void among the earth, sun, moon and stars.

We look at EMPTINESS as “absence of all phenomena, whether physical, spiritual or mental”. In emptiness, even the void and space are absent. This occurs in deep sleep when we are aware of closing and opening our eyes, but of nothing in between.

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Emptiness

EMPTINESS is a philosophical concept rather than a scientific one. Eastern philosophy looks upon it as absence of birth, death, being, non-being, increasing, decreasing, purity and defilement.

From a scientific viewpoint, emptiness is like the zero on a scale of phenomena. Itself, it is not a phenomenon, just like zero is not a value. Thus, emptiness is the ultimate reference point from which all physical and metaphysical phenomena is perceived objectively.

The concept of emptiness is just that. It is totally fresh. It is completely clean. There are no preconceived notions, no fixed ideas, and no bias. It is simply what it is. It has the property of being inherently understood because it denotes the absence of all phenomena.

Emptiness is the ultimate reference point from which it is possible to give an objective meaning to any phenomena without preconceived notions.

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Void

When astronomers look up at the heavens, they are basically concerned with physical phenomenon. Such phenomena extend to all physical aspects of the universe, such as, matter, energy, space and time. Astronomers regard those regions of heaven as void where they cannot detect any physical phenomenon.

Void is a concept used in physics as a background from which to contrast the physical phenomenon. Void is similar to emptiness, except it is narrower in scope.

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Space

Space is conceived as absence of matter, where matter is thought of as made of solid atoms. Space, as vacuum, may be free of matter, but it is not free of light and other radiation,

The atom is said to have over 99.99% space with a speck of solid nucleus in the center. Therefore, space is not differentiated from the  electronic, electromagnetic and force fields that surround the nucleus.

Space is generally thought of as absence of atomic matter. It, however, does not exclude the physical phenomena of light and other radiation.

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Classical and Quantum Physics

These concepts of Emptiness, Void and Space exist in classical physics only, They do not exist in quantum physics.

In Quantum physics, space becomes a complex mathematical object and void and emptiness lose their meanings.

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July 20, 2019 – 8:06 AM Categories: Physics Book | Post a comment

SCN 8-8008: Methods of Running

Reference: The Book of Scientology

Methods of Running

Please see the original section at the link above.

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Summary

I shall quote this whole section here:

There are many methods of running facsimiles and of handling ridges and flows. These have been covered in other publications: all of them have validity and can advance cases.

In the present publication there are only two processes which are stressed and these processes are superior to others published prior to December 1st, 1952. A great many tests have established the fact that two processes, both of them simple, produce far better results than any of the others.

The title “Scientology 8—8008” means the attainment of infinity by the reduction of the MEST universe’s apparent infinity to zero and the increase of the zero of one’s own universe to an infinity of one’s own universe. This road is attained by postulate processing and creative processing.

To run any incident or use any process it is necessary for the auditor to have a very sound idea of what he is doing, and to this end it is recommended that he know and be able to use the following:

Processing

The Code
The Theta Entity
The Entities
Running Engrams
Running Secondaries
Running Locks
Concepts and Feelings
Running Ridges (Circuits)
Running Live Flow
Freeing the Thetan by Concept and Feeling
Freeing the Thetan by Present and Future
Randomity
Freeing by Dichotomies
Freeing by Tone Scale
Freeing the Thetan by Orientation
Freeing the Thetan by Positioning and Exhaustion of Flows

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Comments

The Code mentioned above refers to the Auditor’s code.

Subject Clearing greatly simplifies all these methods of running by emphasizing their common denominator, which is to isolate an anomaly, look closely at it, and apply the Discipline of Subject Clearing.

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July 18, 2019 – 4:50 PM Categories: Scientology | Post a comment