An Analysis of Special Relativity (SR)

Reference: Essays on Substance

An Analysis of SR

Einstein made the postulate that the velocity of light is absolute. To maintain that postulate, Einstein had to abandon the classical notions of absolute time and space. He introduced the concept of spacetime, where time is relative and can dilate (pass more slowly) based on an object’s motion, while the space contracts in the direction of motion. The mathematics also led to mass and energy being interchangeable. This approach resolved the apparent contradictions between classical mechanics and electromagnetism.

However, Einstein’s postulate applies only to inertial frames of reference. The inertia relates to matter only. Matter has a very limited range of velocities. This whole range is very small compared to the velocity of light. Therefore, SR applies only to a small range of velocities observed for matter.

To obtain relative velocity, the velocities of matter that are not too different can simply be added or subtracted. This is the Newtonian formula for relative velocities. It works because the corresponding mass/inertia are not very different.

The Newtonian formula does not work well when the velocities are very different. This is because the associated mass/inertia is also significantly different. In this case, the relative velocity cannot be obtained by simple addition/subtraction. SR provides a better approximation.

.

According to the theory of Substance,

The velocity of a particle in free space is constant because its motion is balanced by the inertia of its mass (consistency). The motion increases as the consistency decreases.

SR seems to take into account this balance of motion and inertia indirectly, within the range of motion for matter. But this is not obvious; as SR tries to explain it through time dilation compensating space contraction.

According to the theory of Substance, a faster moving object in space has a greater reduction of inertia than a slower moving object, and this needs to be taken into account. The reduced inertia is accompanied by increased wavelength and reduced frequency. So the space of the object expands instead of contracting; and the frequency of the object, that determines the time of the clock, slightly decreases. The idea of time dilation only means reduction in clock’s ticking.

Please note that the larger velocities for matter, closer to the velocity of light, are meaningless because at those velocities the wavelength has increased so much, and the frequency has decreased so much, that matter has literally transformed into energy.

SR produces results because the velocity of light is so very large compared to applicable range of velocities for matter that it remains constant.

.

January 16, 2025 – 10:07 PM Categories: Postulate Mechanics, Uncategorized | Post a comment

Substance and Time

Reference: Essays on Substance

Substance and Time

The classical understanding of Time is as follows:

Time is the eternally durable, unchanging background of the universe. Against that background all things in the universe are changing in a cyclic fashion This generates the idea of past present and future. Time moves in a continuous, irreversible succession from the past through the present and into the future. This gives us a dimension of time that is absolute and universal. Events can be considered to occur simultaneously across all of space. There is a natural measure of temporal duration between any two instants. In short, time provides a framework for understanding and measuring the duration and sequence of events.

In light of The Spectrum of Substance, the time of substance can be measured in terms of the cycles associated with the substance. We can visualize one long cycle of aether, simultaneous to which there are many cycles of energy. Furthermore, simultaneous to each cycle of energy there are many cycles of matter. The higher is the frequency, the more enduring is the substance at a location in space. This gives us an actual “spectrum of time” in terms of the endurance of substance. Thus, matter persists for a long time, and energy is fleeting in comparison. 

In short, the consistency of substance, which is higher for higher frequency, is also a measure of the endurance of substance. If the consistency decreases, increasing its motion, the substance becomes less enduring in terms of time. The greater is the consistency, the lesser is the motion, and the more enduring is the substance in space. The consistency provides an index of how condensed and enduring a substance is.

Newtonian physics assumes instantaneous awareness across the universe in which matter is enduring indefinitely; whereas space has no existence.

Einsteinian physics assumes awareness to be constrained by the speed of light. This results in simultaneous events across the universe being perceived with delays depending on the position of a material observer in space. The endurance of matter now becomes dependent on the relative motion of the material observer.

But substance has its own spectrum of endurance (time) in the universe, which is independent of the localized and limited (subjective) awareness of the observer.

.

January 16, 2025 – 6:15 AM Categories: Postulate Mechanics | Comments (1)

Substance & Space

Reference: Essays on Substance

Substance & Space

The classical understanding of Space is as follows:

Space is that part of the universe that does not contain matter. We assess dimensions in space the same way that we measure the dimensions of matter. Therefore, space is an abstraction of the dimensions of matter.

In light of The Spectrum of Substance, the dimensions of substance can be measured in terms of wavelengths. This gives us an actual “spectrum of space” that accompanies the spectrum of substance. We can visualize matter floating in a sea of energy, and energy floating in a sea of aether. Space expands as consistency decreases. For an infinite wavelength the consistency of substance would be extremely thin. With this understanding of space there is no such thing as void. 

Space (wavelength) provides an index of how expansive a certain substance is. Its inverse, consistency (frequency) provides an index of how condensed a certain substance is.

The concept of velocity in free space is essentially a state of balance between motion and inertia of a particle. The product of velocity and inertia (mass, consistency) provides the momentum that can be sensed. Acceleration occurs when motion and inertia of a particle fall out of balance.

Newtonian physics assumes matter and space to be absolute and independent of each other.  Space is viewed as “absence of matter” or void.

Einsteinian physics views space to be abstraction of the dimensions of matter. If matter can expand, contract, twist and bend, then so can space.

But matter has a spectrum as substance; and space is real property of that substance. Space is neither absolute nor an abstraction.

.

January 15, 2025 – 7:04 AM Categories: Postulate Mechanics | Post a comment

The Foundation

Reference: Essays on Substance

In the book, One Hundred Authors Against Einstein, Einstein was criticized for not providing the philosophic foundations for his work on General Relativity. The philosophic foundation for the Theory of Substance rests on the following statements:

  1. We can know only what we can sense. We then interpret that sensation.
  2. Any interpretation of what we sense is real to the degree that it is continuous, consistent and harmonious with the rest of reality.
  3. All reality is continuous, consistent and harmonious in its nature. This property is called ONENESS.
  4. ONENESS is part of the very derivation of the word UNIVERSE.
  5. Even God is characterized as ONE.

From this foundation flows all logic and the concept of truth and the scientific method.

.

ONENESS

Oneness comes about as substantiality is assimilated in awareness. With assimilation comes about harmony of awareness. With increasing harmony comes about consistency. And, with increasing consistency comes about continuity. Oneness lies in the harmony of relations, consistency of realities, and continuity of dimensions. Oneness underlies the very concept of the Universe. It is the key to Scientific Method. Oneness is not a monotone canvas; but it is a beautiful painting full of colors and forms that are harmonious, consistent and continuous.

Oneness is erroneously identified with sameness. From the cosmic scale down to the atomic scale, everything is one.

.

LOGIC

Oneness gives us the ideal scene for logic.

The violation of oneness gives us anomalies, such as, discontinuity (missing data), inconsistency (contradictory data), and disharmony (arbitrary data).

This is infinity-valued logic as compared to binary or multi-valued logic.

.

TRUTH

Oneness also provides the criterion for truth.

The relative truth depends on the absence of anomalies.

.

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

The core of the Scientific Method is the CONSISTENCY of experimental results with the actual reality that we observe. This consistency appears as CONTINUITY at very small atomic scales, and as HARMONY at very large cosmic scales. The Scientific Method insists on establishing continuity, consistency and harmony among all elements of a physical phenomena, but this is equally applicable to metaphysical phenomenon.

.

January 13, 2025 – 10:07 AM Categories: Postulate Mechanics | Comments (5)

Objections to Einstein’s Relativity

Reference: Essays on Substance

Objections to Einstein’s Relativity

In 1931, A book One Hundred Authors Against Einstein was published in Leipzig, Germany, to disprove General Relativity. Einstein’s response to the book was, “Why a Hundred? If I were wrong one would have been enough.”

I think that the objections that were raised by these authors against RTH (Einstein’s theory of Relativity) deserve to be examined closely. I want to see if at least one of these objections is truly valid on a scientific basis, and not necessarily philosophically.

I looked at the objection by the first author, Professor Dr. WALTER DEL-NEGRO / SALZBURG. He says,

“The space-time values of a system are thus generated by the relative movement. However, since the relative movement itself has to be defined in a space-time, which in turn would have to be conditioned by relative movement, etc., an infinite regression results.”

When I look at the solar system, there is a dynamic equilibrium between the relative movement of the planets (including the sun) and space-time. The relative movements and space-time influence each other but there is no infinite regression. So, this objection does not pan out. This is covered in the section on Gravity in The Theory of Substance.

I shall be looking at the objections form other authors, and writing down my observations on this thread, one author at a time. Hopefully, time will allow me to do this.

.

January 11, 2025 – 6:35 PM Categories: Postulate Mechanics | Comments (16)