Reference: Disturbance Theory
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This is the Disturbance theory view of gravitation.
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Relative velocity comes into picture only when there are other mass locations in space. There is no velocity in the absence of other mass locations. There is only acceleration in reference to oneself.
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When there is a mass location, there is collapse of high frequency disturbance at that location. An example of this is the nucleus of an atom.
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There exists undisturbed space (or space with low disturbance) between two mass locations.
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From a mass location to undisturbed space there is a sharp gradient of frequency.
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Such sharp gradients between mass locations must try to smooth themselves out to maximize the entropy.
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This would appear as a tendency of the two mass locations to draw each other in.
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This would explain the gravitational attraction.
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Note:
Math can explain the force of gravity due to sharp gradient of frequency as follows:
Momentum, p = E/c = hf/c, where f is frequency
Force, F = dp/dt = (h/c) df/dt, where df/dt is the gradient of frequency.
The concept of time needs to be further refined here.
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Interesting Link:
Geometry should be understood as abstraction of material dimensions.
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Comments
Mass has inertia. Mass generates gravitational force. Gravitational force generates acceleration.
There seems to be no constant velocity in this universe. Either velocity or direction is always changing. Constant velocity may exist only for inertia-less “particles”.
A photon is mass-less and it may come closest to being inertia-less depending on its frequency. It has a constant velocity of ‘c’.
Inertia, force and acceleration seem to be different stages of the same thing.
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Per the Disturbance theory as light increases in frequency, its inertia increases also. This is evidenced by light bending near heavy cosmic objects.
Gamma radiation is expected to bend more sharply than visible light.
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What I get regarding the speed of a wave is,
High elasticity (rigidity) = high wave speed
Low inertia (sluggishness) = high wave speed
In case of light as a disturbance in space, elasticity seems to be connected to the permittivity and permeability of space. That accounts for the elastic factor.
It seems that there should be an inertial factor connected with the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.
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My conjecture is that space lies at the low frequency end of the electromagnetic spectrum, and mass lies at the high frequency end of the spectrum. Inertia is imperceptible and builds up very slowly until the frequency hits the gamma range. Inertia builds up rapidly in the gamma range.
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Quantum Theory actually proceeded from heavy reliance on mathematics by Einstein’s theory of relativity.
Einstein uses the speed of light as a “stable frame of reference “. The speed of light depends on the properties of space through which it travels. This is as it should be per classical mechanics. It is the property of space that needs to be explored further at this point. Neither SR nor QM does that.
Einstein is correct in establishing a constant relationship between space and time through the “speed of light”. It is actually a constant ratio between wavelength (a property of space) and period (a property of time). But beyond that Einstein gets into something more or less subjective.
Einstein gets into using each part of the universe as a frame of reference to examine the motion of other parts. This gets very confusing very fast because there are infinite frames of references all moving relative to each other.
Furthermore, Einstein relies on the sense of vision as the “absolute sense”. This is because he is using the speed of light as his “stable frame of reference.” This is where Einstein enters into subjectivity.
To me relativity makes sense only when each part is examined relative to the whole. That is the basis of the concept of fraction in mathematics. We should be examining the motion of each part of the universe relative to the motion of universe as a whole. But Einstein does not do that. He assumes vision as the “absolute sense” whereas it is simply one of many physical senses. This is where subjectivity in the theory of relativity comes in.
It is the universe as a whole that provides a stable reference frame. This can be treated adequately by the mental sense of abstraction, which is not limited by the “speed of light”. This reference frame is not absolute, but it is stable enough for the purposes of physics.
The next activity in Theoretical physics should be to examine the relationship between spacetime and energy as taken up in Disturbance theory.
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Another misleading path are the illustrations depicting a gravity well as a marble sitting on a flat rubber sheet. The problems seem obvious to me in that 1. The illustration shows the lines of force of gravity in two dimensions, and 2. The lines of force bend down away from the massive object rather than directly toward the center of the massive object.
Hello Chris.
” The illustration shows the lines of force of gravity in two dimensions.”
I have always wondered if anyone else noticed this obvious error in the depiction of gravity bending space. This visual depiction has merit to those who are new to the basic idea, but can lead one’s thought in a direction which can prevent someone from getting a more accurate idea or understanding of the principle.
I still stick to the idea that mass collects, rather than bends space, although the effects are similar but not identical. The word ‘collects’ is not perfect either, since it can refer to quantity and can infer a rate of motion. Space is not mass and a quantity of space would not follow the same rules or even the basic thoughts as a quantity of mass.
Mass ‘collects’ space at a rate of force, rather than at a speed or cubic footage. As mass or energy pass near a massive object, it follows the space that is being collected as a rate of force being applied to the object passing by. A stationary object being held up against the gravity is being constantly accelerated through the space being ‘collected’ by the massive object. It does not gain energy by being accelerated through this space. That is one of the principles which can place a confusion in thinking along this line.
Gaining energy through acceleration is completely relative. An object can be accelerated for a time. Once the accelerating force is removed, the object has not changed in any way, except in its relative motion to some other object. To one object it may appear to gain speed. To another object it will appear to lose speed and energy. To itself, no change in motion is apparent, only the motion of other objects. All three points of view are completely correct, in their own frame of reference.
Anyway, thanks for your thoughts and ideas. I’m still learning.
Mark
And what are these “lines of force” of gravity? Well, the earlier question should be “what is space?” We are going in the direction of calling space a substance but we don’t know what that substance is. Light has substance without mass, therefore space may be a substance without mass as well.
Gravity is defined as a force which attracts a body toward the center of the earth. While this is analogous and the effect very measurable, I believe this is a poor definition.
I like better your “equilibrium seeking” quality of the disturbance theory in space as you wrote above, “Such sharp gradients between mass locations must smooth themselves out to lower the entropy.”
“Frames of reference” are important for understanding those particular frames relative to other frames of reference; However, the frame of reference of physics is the entire universe. This illustration once again is analogous but limited because of mankind’s limited observational ability.
We have for some 100 years known that “massive objects bend space.” I think this disturbance theory is a better direction of thinking, focusing on spacetime and discovering a better paradigm.
It seems consistent with BB theory that “in the beginning” there was spacetime. By beginning, I mean the first thing that we as physicists are aware of for now.
Thanks for your contribution, Chris.
Light seems to travel at the same speed in all directions. Therefore, no Ether frame seems to exist. So, there is no “ether wind” but this not preclude a medium for electromagnetic waves.
The Lorentz factor depends upon the use of Pythagorean Theorem. This theorem applies only in rigid space bound to matter as used in MM experiment. The Pythagorean Theorem may not apply in the space away from matter as assumed by Einstein.
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It appears that the units of space and time change with frequency as follows:
Unit of space = c/f
Unit of time = 1/f
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Regarding Mercury’s precession problem, it appears that when two heavenly bodies move close to each other, the sharp frequency gradients around them (due to their mass) in space seem to interact and lock into each other momentarily like two moving gears.
Per Disturbance theory, mass comes about due to the collapse of very high disturbance frequency. The collapsed nucleus has to be spinning very fast as the linear kinetic energy of disturbance turns into rotational kinetic energy.
Around this spinning nucleus is the rotational electronic field, and around that is the electromagnetic field gradually curving away into becoming linear.
The nucleus, and the electronic field around it, shall be spherical. There will be a sharp frequency gradient between nucleus and the electronic field.
Both nuclear and electronic fields shall reside within an electromagnetic field. Another sharp frequency gradient shall exist between the electronic and the electromagnetic fields.
When two mass approach each other these sharp frequency gradients interact with each other. This brings us back to looking at Maxwell’s equations in figuring out this interaction.
Disturbance theory postulates attractive force between masses because the frequency gradients try to smooth themselves out through such interaction to lower the entropy.
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Space does not bend. It is light (disturbance in space) that bends.
The frequency of light interacts with the frequency gradient near the sun and it bends as a result.
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How do the two frequency gradients due to the sun and mercury interact at such close quarters?
Calculation needs to be made on the basis of the Disturbance theory.
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Gravity field is simply the frequency gradients in the disturbances in space.
There is very high frequency gradient closer to the surface of the earth because of its mass. A very high energy gamma ray may lose some energy in moving away from earth because it is moving through a frequency gradient of high to low frequency. This may cause gamma ray to decrease in frequency and its wavelength to lengthen.
The gamma ray is a disturbance moving through frequency gradient in space. What is the nature of interaction here?
Besides, how do electric and magnetic fields interact with each other causing the propagation of disturbance?
We need to look closely at the Maxwell’s equations here.
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In support of the disturbance theory, It may be consistent to say that there is timed and timeless space. By this is also meant that there is disturbed and undisturbed space.
In my view, “undisturbed space” is theoretical and so is “undisturbed time” if there is such a thing.
Space and time appear together as “disturbed space”.
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To try and imagine this disturbance theory model, to discuss the notion of undisturbed space, possibly we would find something like this beyond the outer edge of the Big Bang disturbance? (This requires another assumption that space is not a product of the Big Bang.)
“Undisturbed Space” is basically an unknown. It is like the “cosmic influence” mentioned in the following:
The Logical Structure of the Universe (Part 1) – Static to Kinetic
Basically, space and time are not absolute in themselves.
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The research into interstellar medium (ISM) concerns itself with the matter in that space. Interestingly to me is how much is known about that matter and that it is already graded as follows: “The interstellar medium is composed of multiple phases, distinguished by whether matter is ionic, atomic, or molecular, and the temperature and density of the matter.”-Wikipedia.
I believe that matter is collapsed high frequency disturbance of space. My research is to find out more details using this approach.