KHTK AXIOM TWO: CONJECTURES ABOUT EXISTENCE ARE MANIFESTED AS CONJECTURES.
Corollary: Anything, whether physical or not, when manifested exists.
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Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274), a theologian in Medieval Europe, conceived the idea that the Universe must have been caused by something that was itself uncaused, which he asserted was God. This became one of the most influential versions of the cosmological argument. This justified God to be the source of all existence.
Few centuries earlier, the Islamic philosopher Avicenna (c. 980–1037) had inquired into the question of being, and had reasoned that existence must be due to an agent cause that necessitates, imparts, gives, or adds existence to an essence. To do so, the cause must coexist with its effect and be an existing thing. This argument makes both cause and effect to be part of existence.
The First Cause arguments have been posited in Greek philosophy by Plato (c. 427–347 BC) and Aristotle (c. 384–322 BC). Plato posited a basic argument in The Laws (Book X), in which he argued that motion in the world and the Cosmos was “imparted motion” that required some kind of “self-originated motion” to set it in motion and to maintain that motion. In Book 12 of his Metaphysics, Aristotle describes the unmoved mover as being perfectly beautiful, indivisible, and contemplating only the perfect contemplation: itself contemplating. He equates this concept also with the Active Intellect. This Aristotelian concept had its roots in cosmological speculations of the earliest Greek “Pre-Socratic” philosophers. This argument makes existence to be cause of itself.
Ideas, such as, “Uncaused cause,” “Unmoved mover,” “God,” “Supreme or Unconditioned Being,” etc., which are proposed as source of existence, exist as ideas, and, therefore, they are also part of existence.
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Complete Reference: KHTK AXIOMS: A Work in Progress
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