Vinaire's Blog

Reference: Essays on Substance

Providing Proof

I am told again and again by some people on this site that I have no proof for the theory of Substance, and that I must provide proof to be credible. For such people proof means “agreement from lot of people.” If the theory is new and not many people are aware of it to agree with it, then whatever proof you give them will never be satisfactory.

Such people have no understanding of the proof of what Newton and Einstein laid down in their theories. All they know is that lot of people agree with their theories so they must be right. In other words, their criterion of proof is,

AGREEMENT = PROOF

This is the same mindset as of people, who under the influence of Church believed that it is the Sun that goes around Earth, and anybody who contradicts it must be condemned. This is just mental conditioning.

Such people cannot think critically and cannot follow the mathematical or logical flow of the theory. They believe a theory only when it is published in a respectable journal. The chances are that theory is correct. But the point I am making is that such people have no clue of the “proof” even when it is staring at their face. If you try to explain your theory, it is all wrong because it contradicts what they fixedly believe.

So, when somebody asks for proof, it is best to tell him to study the theory. If they can’t do that, and don’t have anything intelligent to say, it is best to leave them to their devices, and move on.

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Reference: Essays on Substance

Michelson-Morley’s Null Result

The prevailing aether theory at the time of the Michelson-Morley experiment in 1887 was that a hypothetical medium called luminiferous aether permeated all of space. This theory posited that:

1. Aether was a stationary substance that filled empty space.
2. Light waves required this aether as a medium to propagate, similar to how water waves need water and sound waves need air.
3. The Earth was believed to move through this stationary aether as it orbited the Sun.

This theory predicted that the Earth’s motion through the aether would create an “aether wind,” which would affect the speed of light in different directions relative to Earth’s movement. The Michelson-Morley experiment was designed to detect this aether wind by measuring potential differences in the speed of light traveling in perpendicular directions. 

The expected difference between the speed of light in the direction of movement through the presumed aether, and the speed at right angles, was found not to exist. The null results from Michelson-Morley experiment initiated a line of research that eventually led to Einstein’s theory of Special Relativity. The special relativity then ruled out a stationary aether, and postulated the velocity of light to be absolute.

According to the theory of Substance, there has to be substance filling existing space. In the absence of matter and energy, it has to be some undefined substance, which we may call aether. The consistency of this aether is very likely many orders of magnitude lesser than the consistency of light. Therefore, it would offer no resistance to the movement of either light or Earth.

Earth is made of solid particles (atoms), whereas, light is made of gaseous particles (not waves in some medium). The only resistance that Earth and light would encounter is due to their respective inertia. Newton defined inertia  as follows:

“The vis insita, or innate force of matter, is a power of resisting by which every body, as much as in it lies, endeavours to preserve its present state, whether it be of rest or of moving uniformly forward in a straight line.”

The inertia balances the respective motions of Earth and light, such that, their respective velocities are constant. Therefore, the ratio of their velocities shall be the inverse of the ratio of their inertia or consistencies. According to The Spectrum of Substance, the consistency of light is around 49, and the consistency of Earth (average per particle) is around 80. 

The difference in their consistencies is 31, which gives us a ratio of 2³¹ or about 10⁹. The Earth’s drift speed in space is 10^-9 times the speed of light, or less than half a meter per second.

The Michelson-Morley’s experiment is then required to detect a velocity difference of less than half a meter per second in the velocity of light (3 x 10⁸ m/s) due to the difference in motions of the Earth. This would be a shift in fringes of the order of 10^-9 meters. That is of the order of the size of an atom. This explains the null result produced by Michelson-Morley experiment.

NOTE: The consistency of earth may be underestimated here. It may require much greater precision than 10^-9 meters to detect a shift in the fringes obtained.

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Reference: Essays on Substance

Substance and Time

The classical understanding of Time is as follows:

Time is the eternally durable, unchanging background of the universe. Against that background all things in the universe are changing in a cyclic fashion This generates the idea of past present and future. Time moves in a continuous, irreversible succession from the past through the present and into the future. This gives us a dimension of time that is absolute and universal. Events can be considered to occur simultaneously across all of space. There is a natural measure of temporal duration between any two instants. In short, time provides a framework for understanding and measuring the duration and sequence of events.

In light of The Spectrum of Substance, the time of substance can be measured in terms of the cycles associated with the substance. We can visualize one long cycle of aether, simultaneous to which there are many cycles of energy. Furthermore, simultaneous to each cycle of energy there are many cycles of matter. The higher is the frequency, the more enduring is the substance at a location in space. This gives us an actual “spectrum of time” in terms of the endurance of substance. Thus, matter persists for a long time, and energy is fleeting in comparison. 

In short, the consistency of substance, which is higher for higher frequency, is also a measure of the endurance of substance. If the consistency decreases, increasing its motion, the substance becomes less enduring in terms of time. The greater is the consistency, the lesser is the motion, and the more enduring is the substance in space. The consistency provides an index of how condensed and enduring a substance is.

Newtonian physics assumes instantaneous awareness across the universe in which matter is enduring indefinitely; whereas space has no existence.

Einsteinian physics assumes awareness to be constrained by the speed of light. This results in simultaneous events across the universe being perceived with delays depending on the position of a material observer in space. The endurance of matter now becomes dependent on the relative motion of the material observer.

But substance has its own spectrum of endurance (time) in the universe, which is independent of the localized and limited (subjective) awareness of the observer.

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