Please see PREFACE: Basic Definitions
Preface
This book explores the universe through basic concepts, such as, matter, energy, space and time, and their definitions. These definitions are meant as propositions that offer clarifications to the basic concepts used in physics. They do not change the mathematics of the physical theories.
These definitions interpret empirical observations based on the logic of Oneness. This logic comes from the need to build a complete picture of the universe. It may be described as the constraint of continuity, consistency, and harmony in defining all universal phenomena. This logic was insisted upon by Michael Faraday in his paper, ON THE CONSERVATION OF FORCE, available at the Proceedings of the Royal Institution, Vol. II. p. 352.
Faraday postulated “lines of force” that spread from the centers of the atoms to the far reaches of space. The highly concentrated lines of force at the core of the atom appeared as MASS. The continually lessening concentration of lines of force beyond that core appeared as ENERGY.
Faraday’s concept of FORCE describes how the universe interfaces with our senses. To us, anything substantial enough to be sensed constitutes SUBSTANCE. Thus, Faraday looked at both energy and mass as forms of substance.
Einstein admired Faraday greatly. Fifty years after Faraday implied the equivalence of mass and energy, Einstein established that equivalence mathematically with his theory of relativity. Faraday’s concept of lines of force is still with us in the form of quantum fields.
Presently, we have two fundamental theories in physics:
- Einstein’s theory of General Relativity
- Standard Model of Particle Physics.
These two theories are highly successful in explaining the universe; but they are considerably at variance mathematically, when it comes to explaining the phenomenon of gravity. A possibility of resolving this variance exists if we explore Faraday’s notion of the conservation of force.
To Faraday, gravity was inconvertible in its nature and unchangeable in its manifestation. The force of gravity attested to the presence of substance. He was extending the concept of “force” beyond the mathematical definition given to it by Newton. He was expressing it as “oneness of substance.” All force is there. Only the missing force needs to be discovered.
At present, physicists have been wondering about the gravitational phenomena of dark energy and dark matter. We have no clue as to their nature; but since they are detectable as force, the dark energy and dark matter must be some form of substance.
Faraday’s concept of force, makes us see that “thought” is no less a substance than energy and matter. The notion of the “conservation of force,” or the “oneness of substance,” may then be expanded to include “thought.” Thus, thought, energy and matter may be viewed as different forms of substance.
This idea of recognizing “thought” as a substance has far-reaching implications. It opens the door to exciting new investigations.
It is highly recommend that one reads Faraday’s paper, “On the Conservation of Force.” This paper may be found at “https://vinaire.me/2017/10/27/comments-on-faradays-principle-of-force/” with comments.
.
