Author Archives: vinaire

I am originally from India. I am settled in United States since 1969. I love mathematics, philosophy and clarity in thinking.

Physics, Reality & Subjectivity

February 4, 2016 – 5:01 PM

time-illusion

The current state of Physics is such that it relies heavily on mathematics. We even have Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. That means the “mathematics” of Quantum Mechanics can be interpreted in other ways too. Quantum Mechanics may have some successful applications but it lacks overall interpretation that is fully consistent with reality.

Mathematics does make us aware of hidden relationships, which would not be obvious otherwise. But mathematics should not be confused with reality as pointed out in Mathematics and Reality.

Heavy reliance on mathematics actually started with Einstein’s theory of Relativity. Einstein was correct in establishing a relationship between space and time at the fundamental level; but that also meant that the units of space and time could no longer be used in an absolute and independent sense. By saying that these units themselves varied while still using them made space and time all the more confusing. It brought subjectivity into physics.

Einstein postulated that speed of light was a universal constant based on Maxwell’s equations, which showed that the such speed could depend only on certain physical properties of space (namely, permittivity and permeability). Einstein also declared that there was no aether based on Michaelson-Morley’s experiment, which could discover no evidence for “aether wind”.

This adds up to the classical understanding that the speed of wave depends entirely on the properties of the medium. By default, that medium for light appears to be space. However, this has been hard to accept because space has never been thought of as something material.

If material is thought of as being made up of atoms and molecules then space is definitely not that. The phenomenon of space and light somehow seems to involve a substance more basic than matter.

Let us postulate that light is a disturbance in space. It is the disturbed space, which appears to spread as light. There are physical properties involved here without anything material being present. This turns our current understanding of physics on its head. This gives rise to the disturbance theory.

The electromagnetic field is a physical reality, which is more fundamental than any material reality.

We now see electromagnetic field existing even in the absence of any material or charge. Its wavelength (a property of space) and period (a property of time) occur in a constant ratio per Einstein’s postulate of “constant speed of light”. The variable remaining then is the frequency (a property of energy). This gives us “space-time-energy” as related dimensions.

The theory of relativity gets into length contraction and time dilation because it is examining parts of the universe through other parts. This gets very confusing very fast because there are infinite frames of references all moving relative to one another. Relativity makes sense only when we examine the motion of a part of the universe relative to the motion of universe as a whole. Only then we can properly compare one part to another.

Besides, Einstein’s observer is dependent on the speed of light for its observation. Vision is only one of the many physical senses. All physical senses ultimately combine into the mental sense of abstraction, which is used by science.

The theory of Relativity gets into subjectivity by using the “speed of light” as the absolute basis for “observer”.

By making vision to be the absolute basis for his “observer” Einstein got involved into mathematics that was quite dissociated with reality.

It is the universe as a whole that provides a stable frame of reference. This can be treated adequately by the mental sense of abstraction, which is not limited by the “speed of light”. This reference frame is not absolute, but it is stable enough for the purposes of physics.

The next activity in theoretical physics should be to examine the relationship between spacetime and energy as taken up in Disturbance theory.

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Gravitational attraction

February 3, 2016 – 6:49 AM

objects-attracted-towards-the-earth

Reference: Disturbance Theory

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This is the Disturbance theory view of gravitation.

  1. Relative velocity comes into picture only when there are other mass locations in space. There is no velocity in the absence of other mass locations. There is only acceleration in reference to oneself.

  2. When there is a mass location, there is collapse of high frequency disturbance at that location. An example of this is the nucleus of an atom.

  3. There exists undisturbed space (or space with low disturbance) between two mass locations.

  4. From a mass location to undisturbed space there is a sharp gradient of frequency.

  5. Such sharp gradients between mass locations must try to smooth themselves out  to maximize the entropy.

  6. This would appear as a tendency of the two mass locations to draw each other in.

  7. This would explain the gravitational attraction.

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Note:

Math can explain the force of gravity due to sharp gradient of frequency as follows:

Momentum, p = E/c = hf/c, where f is frequency

Force, F = dp/dt = (h/c) df/dt, where df/dt is the gradient of frequency.

The concept of time needs to be further refined here.

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Interesting Link:

Quora: Newton vs Einstein

Geometry should be understood as abstraction of material dimensions.

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Obsolete: Disturbance Theory in Brief

January 25, 2016 – 10:26 PM

See: BOOK: The Disturbance Theory

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Let’s start from the beginning. The theory of relativity started with the observation that Space and Time cannot be absolute and independent.

Einstein then postulated ‘c’ to provide a precise relationship between Space and Time. You may call it “speed of light” or a constant ratio between wavelength (space) and period (time). This leads to a combined entity “spacetime”.

The use of separate units for space (meter) and time (seconds) has generated confusion because space and time cannot be measured separately and absolutely when relatively is taken into account. We cannot use separate units for space and time. We must have a single unit for “spacetime”.

Since the ratio of wavelength to period is postulated to be the constant ‘c’, that single unit for spacetime has to be “frequency”.

This provides a relationship between spacetime and energy. This is the starting point of Disturbance Theory, which asserts that Spacetime and Energy cannot be absolute and independent.

The Disturbance Theory may simply be stated thus,

Space is an undisturbed field of (theoretical) zero frequency. This space is the elusive aether. Light propagates as a disturbance in this space. Time is bound by a constant wavelength to period ratio in this disturbance.

The Disturbance theory uses “frequency” as a measure of motion (energy) in spacetime. This leads to a spectrum that defines electromagnetic, electronic, and nuclear fields as characteristics generated by increasing frequency. In this definition we also have an atomic structure that is continuous with space.

Inertia is a property of frequency. Inertia increases with frequency. When very high frequency collapses as mass in the nucleus, inertia becomes the property of mass.

By equating space-time with energy-mass, Disturbance Theory hopes to bring about an interpretation that combines the theory of relativity with quantum mechanics into a unified theory.

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Mathematics and Reality

January 18, 2016 – 9:16 PM

quote-as-far-as-the-laws-of-mathematics-refer-to-reality-they-are-not-certain-and-as-far-as-they-are-albert-einstein-226558

  1. Per Wikipedia [see Primitive Notion], a point is defined as a primitive notion. A primitive notion is not absolute. It must be logically consistent within the broad context of knowledge.

  2. This means that “point” is a starting concept of Euclidean geometry; but it is not absolute within the wider context of knowledge.

  3. Per Wikipedia [see Point (geometry)], “points do not have any length, area, volume, or any other dimensional attribute. A common interpretation is that the concept of a point is meant to capture the notion of a unique location in Euclidean space.”

  4. A location in real space may be infinitesimal, but it is not dimensionless. It is also continuous with the surrounding space. This notion is similar to that of an irrational number on a number line.

  5. Therefore, a Euclidean point may act only as an idealization of a location in real space. It may be used only as an approximation of a real location.

  6. A real location cannot act as a primitive notion like a Euclidean point because it is not dimensionless. Therefore, in reality, the notion of location shall depend on the notion of a continuous space.

  7. Per Wikipedia [see Space (mathematics)] Euclidean space is defined as a set that includes points as elements. Thus unlike Euclidean space, the real space is closer to being a primitive notion.

  8. The concepts of space and point in Euclidean geometry are reversed compared to what they are in reality.

  9. This may have some fundamental implications on the way General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are currently being interpreted in physics.

  10. The Euclidean space is rigid as it is based on the idea of rigid dimensions of matter. But this idea of rigid space may not necessarily apply to the more basic substance of electromagnetic field.

  11. The Disturbance theory looks at space as a continuous “electromagnetic field of zero frequency” similar to the unperturbed surface of a lake.

  12. As the unperturbed surface of a lake is disturbed, there come about discrete ripples. Similarly, as the continuous space is disturbed the idea of discrete frequency comes about.

  13. For the electromagnetic disturbance to propagate through it, the real space must be flexible. This flexibility of space seems to reduce as frequency increases.

  14. The real space seems to be rigid only at very high frequencies. This is similar to the case when an object moves at the speed of sound through air and the frequency ahead of it becomes extremely high. This makes the medium of air appear rigid to the fast moving object.

  15. Therefore, it is only when the frequency of electromagnetic disturbance is very high that space approximates the rigid space as postulated in Euclidean geometry.

  16. Thus, space, in reality, is continuous and it acquires a discrete point location only where matter is present.

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A New Look at Cosmology

January 17, 2016 – 8:53 AM

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I have been looking at the electromagnetic field as vibrating space; electronic field as a rotating region within the electromagnetic field; and the nucleus as a collapsed region within the electronic field.

This is an atomic model provided by the Disturbance Theory. Now there seems to be a parallel to this model on a cosmic scale.

When we talk about dark energy, we might be looking at a vast electromagnetic field throughout the cosmic space.

When we talk about dark matter, we might be looking at rotating regions within this vast electromagnetic field of cosmic space.

And when we talk about black holes, we might be looking at collapsed regions within these vast rotating electronic  fields in cosmic space.

In short, it is quite possible that dark energy is vibrating space; dark matter is rotating space; and a black hole is collapsed space.

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