The Mind

Please see Postulate Mechanics.

The Mind

The mind senses, and gives meaning to what is sensed, by making postulates. This brings about perception.

The mind senses through the sense organs that collect data through seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and smelling. It gives this data meaning by further sensing continuity, consistency and harmony among that data, and postulating where necessary. Thus, perception starts to form in the mind.

The data is stored in the form of a matrix, in which the elements are assimilated with each other in numerous dimensions. The dimensions  are assimilated into larger dimensions, and so on. This makes rapid and simultaneous computations possible.

Any missing, contradictory, and arbitrary data is flagged. The mind then continually inquires to update such data. The mind may make temporary assumptions when computing with flawed data, but it is aware of those assumptions. It goes back to correct those assumptions whenever fresh data is available.

Consciousness arises from this matrix of sensations, postulates and perceptions. Unconsciousness lies in the flawed data and assumptions. The more conscious the mind is, the more sane are its computations and healthier is the resulting physical configuration and activity.

The unconsciousness of the mind manifests as the aberrations in thinking and behavior (reactions). Underlying such aberrations are anomalies of discontinuity (missing data), inconsistency (contradictory data), and disharmony (arbitrary data).

The mind operates at its optimum when all its data is fully assimilated. This requires continual resolution of anomalies and updating flawed data and assumptions. The degree of assimilation determines the clarity of the perception generated.

The characteristics of a sane mind is that it is continually observing and resolving anomalies not only in the environment but also in its matrix of data.

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The Reality

Reference: Postulate Mechanics

The Reality

Reality is how the universe appears to an observer. It is based on the observer’s postulates and the meaning that he assigns to the things around him. It is the sum total of his understanding of existence based on the assimilation of his experience.

The basic characteristics of reality is the oneness (continuity, consistency and harmony) an observer feels within the context of his experience.  When this feeling of oneness is violated the observer feels things to be getting unreal.

Thus, reality is defined for an observer by continuity, consistency and harmony within the context of his experience. So, the ultimate reality would be that which is continuous, consistent and harmonious within the broadest context possible.

Therefore, the reality within a smaller context, such as, that of an individual, group, species, etc., should be examined critically against the universal reality for proper understanding.

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Thought as Substance

Reference: Essays on Substance

Thought as Substance

Awareness and thought are two very different concepts. Thought is a substance like matter. One can be aware of thought just like one can be aware of matter.

But, awareness falls outside the idea of substance. It is addressed in philosophy, and not in physics. When one talks about consciousness, it is something similar to awareness, and it is not addressed in physics. But thought as a substance can be addressed in physics, and its laws investigated.

Objects made of matter are things, such as, chair, table, pots and pans. Similarly, objects made of thought are ideas, such as, “I am human,” “Earth is flat,” “I am an artist,” or “You are a scientist.”

We are aware of the universe because it is made of substance, which appears as matter, energy and thought. The word “energy” can be confusing. Here energy refers to electromagnetic radiation that is a category of substance different from matter. The “kinetic energy” of matter falls under the category of matter in this classification. These two different concepts of energy are often confused in physics.

Energy is also confused with the general idea of substance. When people refer to thought energy, they are actually referring to thought as substance. Thought, can be addressed by physics using the scientific method.

The laws that apply to thought are very different from the laws that apply to matter or energy. With the advent of AI, it is increasingly becoming obvious that the laws that apply to thought are similar to what we already know as “logic,” but anything under logic must be put through the scientific method before qualifying it as a law of thought.

The first law of thought is embedded in the scientific method itself. The key to scientific method is consistency (lack of inconsistency or contradiction). This same consistency becomes continuity at atomic level, and harmony at cosmic level.

First Law of Thought
All thought related to a subject must be continuous, consistent and harmonious.

Second Law of Thought
If the postulates underlying a thought-structure are inconsistent, then the thought-structure would also be inconsistent with reality.

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The Einstein’s Observer

Reference: Essays on Substance

The Einstein’s Observer

According to the AI:

Einstein’s concept of an “observer” plays a central role in his theories of relativity, particularly in special relativity, where it refers to an entity or reference point used to measure and perceive physical phenomena. Here are the key aspects:

1. Observer in Special Relativity

  • An observer is typically associated with an inertial reference frame, which is a non-accelerating frame where the laws of physics hold uniformly. For such observers, the speed of light in a vacuum is constant, regardless of their motion relative to the light source.
  • Observers measure time, space, and events relative to their position and motion. For example, two observers in different inertial frames may disagree on whether two events occurred simultaneously, as simultaneity is relative.

2. Einstein’s Observer and Inertia

  • Einstein’s observer is tied to the properties of the inertial frame they occupy. This includes the influence of inertia, which governs how objects resist changes in motion. The observer perceives phenomena like speed and time dilation through this “filter” of inertia.
  • For example, objects with greater inertia (mass) move more slowly relative to others in certain cosmic systems, such as galaxies or planetary orbits.

3. Relativity of Time and Space

  • Observers in motion experience time and space differently due to relativistic effects. For instance, time slows down for a moving observer compared to one at rest—a phenomenon known as time dilation.
  • The constancy of the speed of light ensures that all observers, regardless of their motion, perceive it as the same value (3 x 108 m/s). This leads to adjustments in their measurements of time and space.

4. Universal vs. Localized Observers

  • A “universal observer,” as discussed philosophically, would not be bound by assumptions or localized constraints like inertia. In contrast, Einstein’s observer is localized and subject to the limitations of their inertial frame.

Einstein’s observer thus serves as a cornerstone for understanding how physical laws apply consistently across different frames of reference while highlighting the relativity of time and space.

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According to Substance Theory:

The Relativity theory limits the viewpoint to that of a mechanical telescope. It takes away the ability of the human mind to view more broadly using the scientific method.

But the Relativity theory did bring awareness to a new dimension of space and time, which was not there before.

The Substance theory looks at the new dimension of space and time to be the dimension of the substance. It expresses the new dimension of space and time through The Spectrum of Substance.

On this spectrum, the wavelength and frequency are associated with the consistency (inertia) of substance.

“Wavelength” provides the new dimension of space.

“Frequency” provides the new dimension of time.

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Spin in Quantum Physics

Reference: Essays on Substance

Spin in Quantum Physics

Spin is defined as the concept of angular momentum applied to a mathematical point particle, per the video above.

According to the AI:

Spin in quantum mechanics is an intrinsic property of particles that is analogous to angular momentum but has no classical counterpart. It is a fundamental quantum property that separates particles into two categories: bosons (integer spin) and fermions (half-integer spin).

Key aspects of spin

  1. Quantization: Spin is quantized, meaning it can only take specific discrete values (e.g., 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2).
  2. Magnetic properties: Spin gives particles a tiny magnetic field called a magnetic moment. When particles encounter a magnetic field, their spin orientation is revealed, typically as “spin up” or “spin down”.
  3. No classical analogue: Unlike orbital angular momentum, spin cannot be accurately described as a particle rotating about its axis. It is a purely quantum mechanical property.
  4. Fundamental nature: Spin arises from the mathematical framework of quantum field theory and is related to how particles transform under Lorentz transformations.

Importance of spin

Spin plays a crucial role in various physical phenomena:

  • It influences the ordering of electrons and nuclei in atoms and molecules.
  • It is essential in interactions among subatomic particles.
  • It affects processes ranging from nuclear scales to astrophysical distances.
  • It is crucial for understanding particle behavior in magnetic fields and for explaining phenomena like the Stern-Gerlach experiment.

Quantum Mechanics is intimately tied with Einstein’s Relativity theory as it uses Lorentz transformations. The transformation properties of particles under Lorentz transformations are fundamental to understanding relativistic quantum mechanics and particle physics.

  1. The particles have no dimensions. In other words, they are dimensionless mathematical points.
  2. The spacetime coordinates of a particle transform according to the Lorentz transformation equations.
  3. The energy and momentum of particles also transform under Lorentz transformations.
  4. In quantum field theory, particle fields transform under Lorentz transformations according to their spin.

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According to Substance Theory:

The Substance Theory, however, looks at particles as having dimensions. The particles behave according to their position on The Spectrum of Substance.

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