Author Archives: vinaire

I am originally from India. I am settled in United States since 1969. I love mathematics, philosophy and clarity in thinking.

The Book of Physics

December 15, 2024 – 7:59 AM

Reference: Postulate Mechanics

The Theory of Substance

This is currently a developing theory.

  1. The Theory of Substance
  2. Substance and Consistency
  3. The Foundation
  4. The Spectrum of Substance
  5. Substance & Matter
  6. Substance & Space
  7. Substance and Time
  8. Inertia and Absolute Motion
  9. …

Under Review

PHILOSOPHY

  1. The Scientific Method
  2. The Basis of Scientific Method
  3. Mathematics and Physics
  4. The Matter-Centric Fixation
  5. Physics and Brainwashing
  6. Einstein and Spinoza’s God
  7. Non-Locality & Oneness of Reality
  8. Testing a Theory
  9. New Theory and Skeptics
  10. Falsifiability
  11. Providing Proof
  12. Critical Thinking
  13. Thought as Substance
  14. …

RELATIVITY

  1. An Analysis of Special Relativity (SR)
  2. Michelson-Morley’s Null Result
  3. The Universal Constant ‘c’
  4. The Gravitational Waves
  5. The Einstein’s Observer
  6. Objections to Einstein’s Relativity
  7. Relativistic Mass
  8. Space Contraction
  9. The Gravity
  10. The Principle of Gravity
  11. Motion and Gravity
  12. Motion-Inertia Relationship
  13. The Problem of Relativity
  14. The Speed of Light
  15. Theory of Substance and GR
  16. First postulate of Relativity
  17. Second Postulate of Relativity
  18. Special Relativity & Time
  19. Inertia versus Motion
  20. …

GR & QM

  1. The Particle of Particle Physics
  2. Fields and Particles
  3. Spin in Quantum Physics
  4. General Relativity & Quantum Mechanics
  5. GR, QM and Theory of Substance
  6. Einstein & Quantum Mechanics
  7. Einstein-Bohr Debate
  8. …

QUANTUM MECHANICS

  1. The Quantum
  2. The Quantum Particle
  3. The History of Quanta
  4. Misconceptions about Quanta
  5. The Atom
  6. Concepts in Quantum Mechanics
  7. The Particle-Wave Contradiction
  8. The Uncertainty Principle
  9. Quantum Superposition
  10. Quantum Entanglement
  11. Locality and Non-locality
  12. Quantum Mechanics and Reality
  13. …

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Old Versions

  1. Logic, Reality and Oneness
  2. The Space
  3. Motion and Relativity
  4. Proton, Electron and Photon
  5. The Nature of Space
  6. Continuity of Substance and Space
  7. Space and Medium of Light
  8. Is Energy Substance?
  9. Is Aether still there?
  10. …

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Mathematics and Physics

December 14, 2024 – 8:48 PM

Reference: Essays on Substance

Mathematics and Physics

The postulates of Mathematics do arise from real experience, but they are then extended into abstract concepts that become distant from reality. For example, numbers, and their relationships arise from our experience with counting and accounting of distances and directions, but they are then extended to ideas, such as, zero and infinity that are abstract concepts only, and can be interpreted in many ways.

Mathematics has developed along the lines of establishing consistency among its postulates. The abstract postulates have become part of its woof and warp. When mathematics is applied to physics, its abstractions have to tested against real observations. Establishing consistency between the mathematical abstractions and real observations benefits both mathematics and physics.

A scientific hypothesis starts from real observations that are not quite consistent with established theories. The scientist generates a hypothesis to resolve that inconsistency. He may create a mathematical model to flush out as many inconsistencies as possible from his hypothesis.

The hypothesis may make new postulates. These postulates need to be properly justified. When we talk about subjectivity, we are talking about unjustified, arbitrary postulates.

So the scientist develops experiments to test the postulates of his hypothesis. These experiments can be conducted using physical equipment in a lab. The resulting measurements are then compared against the predictions from the hypothesis. A consistency between the two helps the hypothesis to be accepted as a theory.

When mathematical interpretations of the hypotheses and theories start to become complex, unreal, or simply pointless then it is time to develop thought experiments to further test the hypotheses and theories for inconsistencies. The theory of relativity and quantum mechanics are very mathematically oriented. They have espoused ideas about space and time that conflict with reality. Such ideas need to be carefully examined with well designed thought experiments that use live logic.

The thought experiments shall examine the postulates of the hypothesis for consistency with established principles. It will also examine the logical continuity among the ideas and observations leading to those postulates. Finally it will examine the harmony, which these new postulates bring to the broad scene of scientific principles.

The resolution of inconsistencies arising between a hypothesis and the reality of scientific principles may also bring into view basic concepts that are missing both in mathematics as well as in physics. This is what Faraday was insisting in his essay quoted below:

Faraday 1857: On the Conservation of Force

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Motion and Relativity

December 14, 2024 – 11:21 AM

Reference: Essays on Substance

Motion and Relativity

When you look at motion on a large scale you see what is missing from the Special Theory of Relativity of Einstein. You can say that light move at the speed of 3 x 108 relative to the Earth; but you cannot say that Earth moves at the same speed relative to light. 

Einstein’s theory is tied to the inertial frame of reference of matter. But even then it doesn’t differentiate between the nature of the speed of the train from the nature of the speed of the platform in the opposite direction. The platform having much higher inertia has a much smaller absolute motion than the train. But the theory of relativity treats both motions the same way.

Newton’s relativity worked  as simple addition of speeds when the two bodies involved had comparable masses. But that mathematical relationship failed when the two bodies involved had a large difference in their masses, as is the case between the masses of Mercury and the Sun. Einstein solved that problem by figuring out a way to take into account the effect of the difference in inertia of Mercury and Sun on the relative speed.

Einstein did it by indirectly “extrapolating” between the inertia/consistency of matter and light, and applying that gradient to the differential of inertia between Mercury and the Sun. This was a genius move. The value of ‘c’ is that gradient. 

But ‘c’ is an approximation that works for heavenly bodies. It does not work at the atomic level because there are no “material particles” within the atom. Now that we know this, a more accurate value for ‘c’ can be determined for atoms.

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Motion-Inertia Relationship

December 14, 2024 – 9:33 AM

Reference: Essays on Substance

Motion-Inertia Relationship

According to Motion and Gravity, motion increases as inertia decreases. This is visible on a cosmic scale. The reason Newton did not point to this relationship is because for changes in speeds of objects, the corresponding change in inertia is so small that it cannot be measured.

This observation adds to the Newton’s laws of motion. We may say,

When a particle of matter is accelerated, its mass decreases. The decrease in mass is proportional to the increase in its speed.

A little math for it is provided in the graphics below.

The configuration of a system of bodies in free space is determined strictly by the equilibrium among their consistency and motion, where consistency and motion are tightly related in an inverse relationship. This equilibrium is confused with the gravitational force of attraction. There is no one-way gravitational force of attraction. 

A constant velocity in free space means that the acceleration of the body is exactly balanced by its inertia. Thus, it becomes possible to control motion by controlling the inertia of a body, or vice versa. This is likely to be one of the areas of future technology.

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Motion and Gravity (old)

December 13, 2024 – 6:58 AM

Please see PM Chapter 9: Inertia & Gravity.

Reference: Essays on Substance

Motion and Gravity

The moons revolve around their planet, the planets revolve around their sun, and the suns revolve around the center of their galaxies in perfect equilibrium. Such an equilibrium is dynamic in the sense that it continually adjusts to changing conditions. This describes the motion of the heavenly bodies in free space. 

In this free space, an object with infinite mass shall be fixed in its location because its inertia is infinite. Another object with lesser mass shall have lesser inertia, and it will have motion relative to the first object. It may seem that the first object also has motion relative to the second object but that would be an illusion. We thus have a measure of absolute motion in terms of inertia.

The most massive body with maximum inertia shall be at the center of the galaxy. We recognize that as a black hole. All other bodies in the galaxy are in an equilibrium of motion relative to this black hole according to their mass or inertia. Their position in space at any instant is determined by this equilibrium. We recognize this equilibrium as GRAVITY.

In general, there is a balance among motion and inertia of a system of bodies. Near infinite inertia will correspond to near zero motion. Near zero inertia shall correspond to near infinite motion. The lesser is the inertia, the greater is the motion. As the inertia of a body lessens its motion increases. Light has very large motion but it is still finite. That means that, though it is extremely small, light still has some measure of inertia.

Inertia is related to the thickness of substance. The greater is the thickness the greater is inertia. Light also has some thickness. Therefore, the presence of light, or electromagnetic energy, shall also contribute to the dynamic configuration of the overall gravity.

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